222 research outputs found

    Ontwikkelingen betreffende het voorstel voor een Richtlijn consumentenrechten: de positie van de Raad en het Europees Parlement

    Get PDF
    Op het eind 2008 ingediende voorstel voor een Richtlijn consumentenrechten is veel kritiek gekomen omdat het ertoe zou leiden dat het niveau van consumentenbescherming in veel landen, waaronder Nederland, zou worden verlaagd. Zowel binnen de Raad van Ministers als in het Europees Parlement is de kritiek serieus genomen. De Raad en het Parlement hebben eerst echter andere keuzes gemaakt om het niveau van consumentenbescherming te verhogen. In deze bijdrage bespreken we de verschillende benaderingen en de daaruit voortvloeiende voorstellen

    Connecting geodesics and security of configurations in compact locally symmetric spaces

    Full text link
    A pair of points in a riemannian manifold makes a secure configuration if the totality of geodesics connecting them can be blocked by a finite set. The manifold is secure if every configuration is secure. We investigate the security of compact, locally symmetric spaces.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figure

    Spatially and temporally defined lysosomal leakage facilitates mitotic chromosome segregation.

    Get PDF
    Lysosomes are membrane-surrounded cytoplasmic organelles filled with a powerful cocktail of hydrolases. Besides degrading cellular constituents inside the lysosomal lumen, lysosomal hydrolases promote tissue remodeling when delivered to the extracellular space and cell death when released to the cytosol. Here, we show that spatially and temporally controlled lysosomal leakage contributes to the accurate chromosome segregation in normal mammalian cell division. One or more chromatin-proximal lysosomes leak in the majority of prometaphases, after which active cathepsin B (CTSB) localizes to the metaphase chromatin and cleaves a small subset of histone H3. Stabilization of lysosomal membranes or inhibition of CTSB activity during mitotic entry results in a significant increase in telomere-related chromosome segregation defects, whereas cells and tissues lacking CTSB and cells expressing CTSB-resistant histone H3 accumulate micronuclei and other nuclear defects. These data suggest that lysosomal leakage and chromatin-associated CTSB contribute to proper chromosome segregation and maintenance of genomic integrity

    Xist and Tsix transcription dynamics is regulated by the X-to-autosome ratio and semistable transcriptional states

    Get PDF
    In female mammals, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a key process in the control of gene dosage compensation between Xlinked genes and autosomes. Xist and Tsix, two overlapping antisense-transcribed noncoding genes, are central elements of the X inactivation center (Xic) regulating XCI. Xist upregulation results in the coating of the entire X chromosome by Xist RNA in cis, whereas Tsix transcription acts as a negative regulator of Xist. Here, we generated Xist and Tsix reporter mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines to study the genetic and dynamic regulation of these genes upon differentiation. Our results revealed mutually antagonistic roles for Tsix on Xist and vice versa and indicate the presence of semistable transcriptional states of the Xic locus predicting the outcome of XCI. These transcriptional states are instructed by the X-t
    corecore