Isotachophoresis. Conductivity measurement and signal handling

Electronic circuits for measuring the conductivity in isotachophoresis are described. The arrangement for recording the signal is discussed and a controller for the electronic clock used in the automatic device is considered

Isotachophoresis. Experiments with electrolyte counterflow

Regulated counterflow is necessary if differences in mobility between ion species require an excessively long capillary which would result in the voltage being too high for practical reasons. Alternatively if a current stabilized power supply is available, it is possible to carry out expts. in short capillaries only. Equipment suitable for electrophoretic expts. with regulated counterflow of the electrolyte is described. The counterflow technique is used for isotachophoretic anal. in capillaries. [on SciFinder (R)

Capillary isotachophoresis. II. Evaluation device

An evaluation device makes use of bridges with thermistors for detecting zones in capillary isotachophoresis instead of using thermocouples. The device with thermistors is simpler and avoids expensive direct-coupled amplifiers. [on SciFinder (R)

Displacement electrophoresis : Experiments with countrflow of electrolyte

Where ions with small differences in mobility need to be separated, the counterflow technique makes it possible to obtain a complete separation, even in short tubes. If an ion is present in a mixture in too great an amount it normally causes "mixed zones". These mixed zones can be resolved by use of counterflow. The voltages required are relatively low

Capillary isotachophoresis. III. High-voltage sources with adjustable constant current

Principles and construction of high-voltage sources (?20 kV) with adjustable const. currents (?100 mA) are described. The sources consist of com. available parts. [on SciFinder (R)

Isotachophoresis. Experiments with electrolyte counterflow

Regulated counterflow is necessary if differences in mobility between ion species require an excessively long capillary which would result in the voltage being too high for practical reasons. Alternatively if a current stabilized power supply is available, it is possible to carry out expts. in short capillaries only. Equipment suitable for electrophoretic expts. with regulated counterflow of the electrolyte is described. The counterflow technique is used for isotachophoretic anal. in capillaries. [on SciFinder (R)

Capillary isotachophoresis. III. High-voltage sources with adjustable constant current

Principles and construction of high-voltage sources (?20 kV) with adjustable const. currents (?100 mA) are described. The sources consist of com. available parts. [on SciFinder (R)

Pluvio-thermal conditions of the vegetation period (1951-2010) in the Subcarpathian voivodship in the light of global warming

Celem pracy było porównanie ekologiczno-rolniczych skutków zmian klima-tu – meteorologicznych warunków wegetacji ważniejszych roślin uprawnych w warunkach produk-cyjnych na obszarze dzisiejszego województwa podkarpackiego. Okres badań obejmował dwa trzydziestolecia – 1951-1980 sprzed wyraźnego ocieplenia i 1981-2010 – wyraźnego ocieplenia klimatu. Ten ostatni okres stanowił jednocześnie aktualną normę klimatyczną. Materiałami wyko-rzystanymi w opracowaniu były relacje korespondentów rolnych o stanie upraw ważniejszych roślin uprawnych pod koniec każdego miesiąca od kwietnia do października. W porównywanych trzydzie-stoleciach stwierdzono istotne (α = 0,1%) różnice w częstości sprzyjających i z różnego względu niesprzyjających warunków pluwiotermicznych wegetacji. Liczebność miesięcy o korzystnych warunkach meteorologicznych wegetacji zwiększyła się z 49 do 57%, a chłodnych także w interak-cji z niedostatecznymi i nadmiernymi opadami zmniejszyła się z 17,6 do 7,6%. Wzrosła liczebność miesięcy suchych z ekstremalnie wysokimi wartościami temperatury powietrza z 1,4 do 5,2%.The aim of this article is the comparison of the ecological and agricultural causes of climate change. This pertains to the meteorological conditions of the vegetation of key crops in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Two different periods are analysed: 1951-1980 (before evidentglobal warming) and 1981-2010 (a period of rapid warming which constitutes a new climate nor-mal). The materials used in this study consisted of agricultural correspondent reports on the status of key crops at the end of each month (April through October). The comparison of both 30-year peri-ods indicates statistically significant differences in the frequency of both favourable and unfavoura-ble pluvio-thermal conditions (α = 0.1%). The number of months with favourable meteorological conditions increased from 49 to 57%, while the number of cool months (including excessive precipi-tation totals) decreased from 17.6 to 7.6%. In addition, an increase in dry months with extremely high temperature values was noted (from 1.4 to 5.2%)