Pagkamakabayan: Kaisipan at karanasan

Pinag-aralan ng mga mananaliksik kung paano binibigyan kahulugan ng mga Pilipino ang pagkamakabayan sa konteksto ng pangyayari at ang kanyang karanasan nito. Pinagtuonan ng pansin ang tatlong mahalagang kasaysayan sa Pilipinas, kabilang dito ang Panahon ng Pakikidigma sa Hapon (1942), Panahon ng Batas Militar (1972) at Panahon ng Rebolusyon sa Edsa (1986), sapagkat ito ang mga panahong kinakitaan ng pagkamakabayan ang mga Pilipino. Kumuha ang mga mananaliksik ng labing-limang kalahok sa bawat panahon at sinuri ang kanilang behebyor, pag-iisip at mga katangiang maaring magbigay kahulugan sa kanilang pagiging makabayan. Ginamit ang kwalitatibong lapit at exploratory naman ang uri ng pag-aaral. Ang katutubong metodo ng pakikipagkuwentuhan ang napili ng mananaliksik upang makuha ang mahalagang datos mula sa mga kalahok. Para sa mga resulta, gumawa ng buod ng bawat kuwento sa bawat panahon, at ang nasabing mga kuwento ay nilagom upang makagawa ng isang buod ng lahat ng kuwento para sa bawat panahon. Dito ipinakita ang pagkakapareho at pagkakaiba ng mga kuwento sa isa\u27t-isa. Sa diskusyon, nagsilbing gabay sa pag-aanalisa ang nabuong balangkas na konseptual ng pag-aaral, upang lubusang mahanapan ng kasagutan ang pangunahing problem na ano ang nagbibigay kahulugan sa pagkamakabayan bunga ng partikular na karanasan ng tao sa isang mahalagang bahagi ng kasaysayan? at ang kasama nitong mga sab-problems na ipinahayag ng mga mananaliksik sa pag-aaral. Tinignan din ang ugnayan ng nakalap na datos doon sa mga nakasaad sa nabasa ng literatura. Sa konklusyon ng pag-aaral nabatid na likas sa mga Pilipino ang pagiging makabayan, ngunit ito\u27y lubusan lamang naipapamalas sa mga pangyayaring, nagdudulot ng pag-aalipusta sa kanyang pagkatao. Ang pangyayari at ang interaksyon nito sa kanyang pagkatao at pansariling karanasan ang nagbibigay kahulugan sa kanyang pagkamakabayan

Case study: a modified topical treatment regimen for sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis.

This case study describes an atypical case of refractory, sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis. This patient did not initially receive surgical debridement and systemic antibiotics, the standard treatment for necrotizing fasciitis of bacterial origin. This patient\u27s wound care regimen began with silver sulfadiazine and wet-to-dry dressings, modified to initial cleansing with a zinc-saline solution, followed with application of a zinc-saline wet dressing, impregnated with an aluminum hydroxide ointment. The patient experienced pain relief after the first application. After 4 weeks, the necrotic tissue sloughed off, the early signs of healing appeared making surgical debridement possible. Therapy with the zinc-saline dressings was continued and restoration of all tissues was documented within 225 days. If aggressive surgical therapy is not an option, the prevention of secondary complications such as infection becomes the goal of treatment until the necrotic process stops and healing begins. For this goal, a moist environment may be the optimal choice for topical therapy

Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes

BACKGROUND Vorapaxar is a new oral protease-activated–receptor 1 (PAR-1) antagonist that inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation. METHODS In this multinational, double-blind, randomized trial, we compared vorapaxar with placebo in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization. RESULTS Follow-up in the trial was terminated early after a safety review. After a median follow-up of 502 days (interquartile range, 349 to 667), the primary end point occurred in 1031 of 6473 patients receiving vorapaxar versus 1102 of 6471 patients receiving placebo (Kaplan–Meier 2-year rate, 18.5% vs. 19.9%; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.01; P = 0.07). A composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 822 patients in the vorapaxar group versus 910 in the placebo group (14.7% and 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P = 0.02). Rates of moderate and severe bleeding were 7.2% in the vorapaxar group and 5.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.58; P<0.001). Intracranial hemorrhage rates were 1.1% and 0.2%, respectively (hazard ratio, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.78 to 6.45; P<0.001). Rates of nonhemorrhagic adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the addition of vorapaxar to standard therapy did not significantly reduce the primary composite end point but significantly increased the risk of major bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage