Protuupalno i analgetsko djelovanje ekstrakta cijele biljke Fumaria indica na eksperimentalnim životinjama

The 50% ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential in animal models. Oral administration of F. indica dry extract (100, 200 and 400 mg kg1) exhibited dose dependent and significant anti-inflammatory activity in acute (carrageenean and histamine induced hind paw oedema – p < 0.05) and chronic (cotton pellet granuloma models of inflammation – p < 0.01). The extract (400 mg kg1) exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory effects of 42.2 and 42.1% after 3 h with carrageenean and histamine respectively. The same dose of extract showed 38.9% reduction in granuloma mass in a chronic condition. A significant anti-nociceptive activity was evidenced in mice; 6.6–67.7% (p < 0.01) protection in mechanical, 33.9–125.1% (p < 0.05) protection in thermal induced pain and 22.2–73.9% (p < 0.05) protection in acetic acid-induced writhing.Na animalnom modelu ispitivano je protuupalno i analgetsko djelovanje ekstrakta biljke Fumaria indica sa 50%-tnim etanolnom. Peroralna primjena suhog ekstrakta F. indica (100, 200 i 400 mg kg1) pokazuje značajno i o dozi ovisno protuupalno djelovanje na akutni (edem šape uzrokovan karagenom i histaminom – p < 0.05) i kronični upalni proces (granulomi uzrokovani pamučnim peletama – p < 0.01). Najveći protuupalni učinak u karagenskom, odnosno histaminskom testu od 42,2 i 42,1% dobiven je s dozom 400 mg kg1 nakon 3 h. Ista doza ekstrakta pokazala je 38,9% smanjenje mase granuloma. Značajno analgetsko djelovanje dokazano je pokusima na miševima: 6,6–67,7% (p < 0,01) zaštita od mehanički izazvane boli, 33,9–125,1% (p < 0,05) zaštita od termički izazvane boli i 22,2–73,9% (p < 0,05) zaštita od kemijski izazvane boli octenom kiselinom

Biomass production of herbaceous energy crops in the United States: field trial results and yield potential maps from the multiyear regional feedstock partnership

Current knowledge of yield potential and best agronomic management practices for perennial bioenergy grasses is primarily derived from small-scale and short-term studies, yet these studies inform policy at the national scale. In an effort to learn more about how bioenergy grasses perform across multiple locations and years, the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE)/Sun Grant Initiative Regional Feedstock Partnership was initiated in 2008. The objectives of the Feedstock Partnership were to (1) provide a wide range of information for feedstock selection (species choice) and management practice options for a variety of regions and (2) develop national maps of potential feedstock yield for each of the herbaceous species evaluated. The Feedstock Partnership expands our previous understanding of the bioenergy potential of switchgrass, Miscanthus, sorghum, energycane, and prairie mixtures on Conservation Reserve Program land by conducting long-term, replicated trials of each species at diverse environments in the U.S. Trials were initiated between 2008 and 2010 and completed between 2012 and 2015 depending on species. Field-scale plots were utilized for switchgrass and Conservation Reserve Program trials to use traditional agricultural machinery. This is important as we know that the smaller scale studies often overestimated yield potential of some of these species. Insufficient vegetative propagules of energycane and Miscanthus prohibited farm-scale trials of these species. The Feedstock Partnership studies also confirmed that environmental differences across years and across sites had a large impact on biomass production. Nitrogen application had variable effects across feedstocks, but some nitrogen fertilizer generally had a positive effect. National yield potential maps were developed using PRISM-ELM for each species in the Feedstock Partnership. This manuscript, with the accompanying supplemental data, will be useful in making decisions about feedstock selection as well as agronomic practices across a wide region of the country

Adding a late fall application of Proxy (ethephon) before two traditional spring applications improves seedhead control of annual bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (ABG) (Poa annua L.) is a prolific seed producer in the spring on golf courses that in turn decreases aesthetic quality and trueness of ball roll on coolseason putting greens. Proxy (ethephon) applied twice in the spring after green-up is the current industry standard after the loss of Embark (mefluidide) from the turf and ornamental market. However, plant growth regulators including Proxy have been used for years to help suppressABGseedheads with inconsistent success. The primary objective of this study was to determine if ABG seedhead suppression is improved by adding a late fall application of Proxy to the two traditional spring applications of plant growth regulators at nine locations with diverse environments.Asecond objectivewas to determine the importance of including Primo Maxx (trinexapac-ethyl) in fall and spring applications. Adding a late fall application of Proxy prior to the two spring applications (F+S+S) improved control of ABG seedheads over the traditional two spring applications (S+S), but themagnitude of improvement varied among locations. When treatments were applied F+S+S, the industry standard tank mixture of Proxy + Primo Maxx provided consistent ABG seedhead control and turf quality, similar to Proxy + Fiata (phosphonate + proprietary pigment) and equal to or better than Proxy alone

Adding a late fall application of Proxy (ethephon) before two traditional spring applications improves seedhead control of annual bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (ABG) (Poa annua L.) is a prolific seed producer in the spring on golf courses that in turn decreases aesthetic quality and trueness of ball roll on coolseason putting greens. Proxy (ethephon) applied twice in the spring after green-up is the current industry standard after the loss of Embark (mefluidide) from the turf and ornamental market. However, plant growth regulators including Proxy have been used for years to help suppressABGseedheads with inconsistent success. The primary objective of this study was to determine if ABG seedhead suppression is improved by adding a late fall application of Proxy to the two traditional spring applications of plant growth regulators at nine locations with diverse environments.Asecond objectivewas to determine the importance of including Primo Maxx (trinexapac-ethyl) in fall and spring applications. Adding a late fall application of Proxy prior to the two spring applications (F+S+S) improved control of ABG seedheads over the traditional two spring applications (S+S), but themagnitude of improvement varied among locations. When treatments were applied F+S+S, the industry standard tank mixture of Proxy + Primo Maxx provided consistent ABG seedhead control and turf quality, similar to Proxy + Fiata (phosphonate + proprietary pigment) and equal to or better than Proxy alone

Biomass production of herbaceous energy crops in the United States: field trial results and yield potential maps from the multiyear regional feedstock partnership

Current knowledge of yield potential and best agronomic management practices for perennial bioenergy grasses is primarily derived from small-scale and short-term studies, yet these studies inform policy at the national scale. In an effort to learn more about how bioenergy grasses perform across multiple locations and years, the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE)/Sun Grant Initiative Regional Feedstock Partnership was initiated in 2008. The objectives of the Feedstock Partnership were to (1) provide a wide range of information for feedstock selection (species choice) and management practice options for a variety of regions and (2) develop national maps of potential feedstock yield for each of the herbaceous species evaluated. The Feedstock Partnership expands our previous understanding of the bioenergy potential of switchgrass, Miscanthus, sorghum, energycane, and prairie mixtures on Conservation Reserve Program land by conducting long-term, replicated trials of each species at diverse environments in the U.S. Trials were initiated between 2008 and 2010 and completed between 2012 and 2015 depending on species. Field-scale plots were utilized for switchgrass and Conservation Reserve Program trials to use traditional agricultural machinery. This is important as we know that the smaller scale studies often overestimated yield potential of some of these species. Insufficient vegetative propagules of energycane and Miscanthus prohibited farm-scale trials of these species. The Feedstock Partnership studies also confirmed that environmental differences across years and across sites had a large impact on biomass production. Nitrogen application had variable effects across feedstocks, but some nitrogen fertilizer generally had a positive effect. National yield potential maps were developed using PRISM-ELM for each species in the Feedstock Partnership. This manuscript, with the accompanying supplemental data, will be useful in making decisions about feedstock selection as well as agronomic practices across a wide region of the country

Low levels of p27 in association with deregulated p53-pRb protein status enhance tumor proliferation and chromosomal instability in non-small cell lung carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Down-regulation or overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 have been observed in a range of malignancies, including lung cancer. To further elucidate the role of the molecule in tumor growth regulation, we evaluated p27 expression in a series of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), and examined its relation with histology, kinetic parameters, ploidy, and overall survival. We extended our investigation into the association of p27 levels with the presence of Ki-ras mutations, as well as with the expression status of p53 and pRb in tumor cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: p27, p53, and pRb status were immunohistochemically evaluated in a total of 69 NSCLCs. In situ assays were employed to assess the kinetic parameters (Ki-67 immunohistochemistry for proliferation index, Tdt-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay for apoptotic index). The ploidy status of the tumors was assessed after staining nuclei with the Feulgen procedure, and the presence of Ki-ras mutations was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. All possible associations were assessed with a series of statistical methods. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for p27 was observed in the entire series of specimens, with the mean percentage of positive cells being 33%. Adenocarcinomas (AdCs) exhibited higher p27 levels compared to squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) (p < 0.01). An inverse correlation was established between p27 expression and proliferation index (PI) (r = -0.834, p < 0.01) but not with apoptotic index (AI), whereas aneuploid tumors were characterized by lower p27 levels than diploid ones (p < 0.01). No difference in p27 immunostaining was observed with regard to the presence of Ki-ras mutations, whereas aberrant p53 and/or pRb expression patterns were associated with p27 underexpression (p < 0.01 for p53 status, p < 0.05 regarding pRb levels, and p < 0.01 for a combined deregulation of both proteins). Two or more alterations in the p27/p53/pRb protein network (i.e., p27 levels lower than the estimated mean value, overexpressed p53, and/or aberrant pRb) were associated with increased PI and aneuploidy (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). A powerful trend was found between p27 expression and overall survival (p = 0.066). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm the heterogeneity between AdCs and SqCCs, and are suggestive of an increased proliferative activity in NSCLCs underexpressing p27. Furthermore, our analysis supports the concept of p27 forming a functionally compact network with p53 and pRb, which is actively involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and chromosomal stability