Row-column factorial designs with strength at least 22

The $q^k$ (full) factorial design with replication $\lambda$ is the multi-set consisting of $\lambda$ occurrences of each element of each $q$-ary vector of length $k$; we denote this by $\lambda\times [q]^k$. An $m\times n$ row-column factorial design $q^k$ of strength $t$ is an arrangement of the elements of $\lambda \times [q]^k$ into an $m\times n$ array (which we say is of type $I_k(m,n,q,t)$) such that for each row (column), the set of vectors therein are the rows of an orthogonal array of degree $k$, size $n$ (respectively, $m$), $q$ levels and strength $t$. Such arrays are used in experimental design. In this context, for a row-column factorial design of strength $t$, all subsets of interactions of size at most $t$ can be estimated without confounding by the row and column blocking factors. In this manuscript, we study row-column factorial designs with strength $t\geq 2$. Our results for strength $t=2$ are as follows. For any prime power $q$ and assuming $2\leq M\leq N$, we show that there exists an array of type $I_k(q^M,q^N,q,2)$ if and only if $k\leq M+N$, $k\leq (q^M-1)/(q-1)$ and $(k,M,q)\neq (3,2,2)$. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of $I_{k}(4m,n,2,2)$ for small parameters. We also show that $I_{k+\alpha}(2^{\alpha}b,2^k,2,2)$ exists whenever $\alpha\geq 2$ and $2^{\alpha}+\alpha+1\leq k<2^{\alpha}b-\alpha$, assuming there exists a Hadamard matrix of order $4b$. For $t=3$ we focus on the binary case. Assuming $M\leq N$, there exists an array of type $I_k(2^M,2^N,2,3)$ if and only if $M\geq 5$, $k\leq M+N$ and $k\leq 2^{M-1}$. Most of our constructions use linear algebra, often in application to existing orthogonal arrays and Hadamard matrices

Glucose detection in blood using near-infrared spectroscopy: significant wavelength for glucose detection

World Health Organization (WHO) stated in 2004, about 347 million people suffered from diabetes and from this statistic, about 3.4 million died from the complication of kidney failure, heart attack, body part amputation and adequately reported suffered from blindness. There are several non-invasive techniques in measuring the blood glucose level developed nowadays and among the popular technique is the near-infrared (NIR) measurement, ultrasonic sensor implementation, multisensory systems, absorbance of transmittance, bio-impedance, voltage intensity, and thermography. Among these techniques, there are several approaches that displayed a lot of potential, nonetheless some of them have produced unsatisfying results. The NIR technique has been applied in some of previous research, however the wavelength used vary for different researcher. There are several points of views on the significant wavelength range that contains suitable information regarding the peaks of glucose in blood. This paper is focusing on the experimental data collection using the near-infrared spectroscopy technique. This paper furthermore discussing on determine the significant peaks of glucose that is suitable to be used as the indicator of the glucose in blood. The highest significant peaks of blood glucose detected from the range around 1450nm and 1930nm

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on Farm Plantations in various agroecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan

Against a world average of 25% area under forests, Pakistan has around 5% and Punjab has only 2% area under manageable and productive forests. The present deteriorating condition of the forests in Punjab has bleak prospects of improvement and expansion in near future due to ever increasing demand for agriculture produce. In view of the present situation the best possible solution seems to be offered by Farm forestry/agroforestry that models planting trees and agricultural crops together, which unfortunately, has not been utilized to its full potential. Based on physiographic, climate and ecology, Pakistan is divided into nine major ecological or vegetative zones, which are further sub-divided into 18 habitat types &ndash; an arrangement for the development of protected areas system in terms of representative ecotypes. During the survey of farm plantations about 400 soil samples were collected and their physical and chemical analysis was conducted for the comparison of the four Agro ecological zones of the Punjab Province of Pakistan with regards to agroforestry. A comparison of the characteristics of soils taken from various farm plantations necessitated a prior evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorous as well as their composition in order to ascertain whether the soils were texturally similar or not. In case of Agroforestry, the type of soil is one of the major factors for the classification of different suitable species of plants. The results of the soil analysis of various Agro ecological zones and the consequent recommendation of the associated suitable species, aids the agrofarmers to pick out the best possible option.Keywords: Soil analysis, agro-ecological zones, agroforestry, nitrogen and phosphorous

Kajian Kualitas Pelayanan Tera Ulang Meter Taksi Pada Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Metrologi Dinas Perindustrian Dan Perdagangan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

The aim of this study is to determine and describe the quality of service of taxi meter re-calibration in Metrology technical service unit North Sulawesi Province. So far, there is no success parameters that can be used as a reference service that the service has been provided by either or even vice-versa. Method used in this study was a qualitative method using a qualitative descriptive approach. The data was collected by observation, interviews and documentation obtained from the informants in this study, namely the five informants as a taxi driver and data was synchronized with the chief executive office of metrology unit, taxi manager, and executive officers re- calibration. Results and discussion showed total of armada taxi meter re- calibration in UPTD Metrologi as much as 315 unist. Total re-calibration in 2011 that qualified for the test on re-calibration statue valid and legal based UU No. 2 tahun 1981 about metrologi legal as much as 268 units, and not qualified as much as 47 units, among 20 armadas deviate from the technical provision, ie mileage shown over allowed toleranted is 4 % of mileage that had been tested so that could harm the consumen taxi users. 17 armadas damaged and in garage. Conclusions in this research is taxi meter company that operating in North Sulawesi Province not obey yet the rule that on law\u27s requirement except the Blue Bird company as national company that had been applied trade and nexus law. Otherwise the company not applied a tight rules against taxi meter USAge so that transaction the drivers between the pasengers use agreement (mouth argo). There are unformity tariff between one company and the other company. So that make the consumen taxi services users confused. This case not justified on UU No. 2 tahun 1981 about Metrology legal

Single-, Dual- and Triple-band Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna

The paper presents a frequency reconfigurable slot dipole antenna. The antenna is capable of being switched between single-band, dual-band or triple-band operation. The antenna incorporates three pairs of pin-diodes which are located within the dipole arms. The antenna was designed to operate at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz using the aid of CST Microwave Studio. The average measured gains are 1.54, 2.92 and 1.89 dBi for low, mid and high band respectively. A prototype was then constructed in order to verify the performance of the device. A good level of agreement was observed between simulation and measurement

Single channel magnetic induction spectroscopy technique for fetal acidosis detection

Current fetal acidosis diagnosis needs an invasive measurement which required a doctor to puncture fetal scalp to acquire blood pH. This method introduced risk to the fetal which fetal scalp may bruise and infected. This paper discusses a noninvasive method employing a single channel magnetic induction spectroscopy technique as an alternative method to diagnose acidosis in fetal without puncturing the fetal scalp. The studies are based on numerical simulation models to investigate the most feasible sensor coil that is sensitive and effective to be implemented in hardware setup as the shape of coil influences directly the sensing performance of the magnetic induction spectroscopy system. The study has found that the circular coil is more sensitive than linear coil. The system tested with different pH samples to mimic the blood pH value. The result is very promising with good correlation approaching 1 has been achieved. Therefore, magnetic induction spectroscopy technique has good opportunity to be applied as an alternative method to detect acidosis in the fetal with circular coil is performed as the best sensing coils for MIS hardware

Descriptions of the pupae and larvae of Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov, 1931 (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae) with notes on larval biology

Detailed descriptions are given of the pupae and larvae of Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov, and comparisons are made with the immature stages of other Stenopsyche species previously described from Asia. The larval feeding biology of S. siamensis and its position in stream communities are briefly discussed

Hubungan Gaya Kepemimpinan Direktur Rumah Sakit dengan Kinerja Pegawai di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Baubau Tahun 2016

Gaya kepemimipinan adalah suatu cara yang digunakan oleh seorang pemimpin dalam mempengaruhi perilaku orang lain. Kepemimpinan merupakan salah satu indikator kualitassumber daya manusia yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan suatu organisasi seperti rumahsakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Hubungan gaya kepemimpinan Direkturrumah sakit dengan kinerja pegawai di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Baubau tahun 2016.penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan metode cross sectional study.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua petugas yang berada dalam lingkup Rumah SakitUmum Daerah Kota Baubau yang berjumlah 232 orang terkecuali Direktur RSUD. PenarikanSampel menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan denganmenggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan komputer program SPSS dengan uji Chisquarepada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adahubungan yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan otokratis dengan kinerja pegawai(ρ=0,021), dan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis dengan kinerja pegawai (ρ=0,000), sedangkantidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan laizzes-faires dengan kinerjapegawai (ρ=0,8)