OBJECT-BASED ANALYSIS FOR URBAN LAND COVER MAPPING USING THE INTERIMAGE AND THE SIPINA FREE SOFTWARE PACKAGES

In this work we introduce an object-based method, applied to urban land cover mapping. The method is implemented with two open-source tools: SIPINA, a data mining software package; and InterIMAGE, an object-based image analysis system. Initially, segmentation, feature extraction and sample selection procedures are performed with InterIMAGE. In order to reduce the time and subjectivity involved to develop the decision rules in InterIMAGE, a data mining step is then carried out with SIPINA. In sequence, the decision trees delivered by SIPINA are analysed and encoded into InterIMAGE decision rules for the final classification step. Experiments were conducted using a subset of a GeoEye image, acquired in January 01, 2013, covering the urban portion of the municipality of Goianésia, Brazil. Five decision tree induction algorithms, available in SIPINA, were tested: ID3, C45, GID3, Assistant86 and CHAID. The TAU and Kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the results. The TAU values obtained were in the range of 0.66 and 0.70, while those for Kappa varied from 0.65 to 0.69.In this work we introduce an object-based method, applied to urban land cover mapping. The method is implemented with two open-source tools: SIPINA, a data mining software package; and InterIMAGE, an object-based image analysis system. Initially, segmentation, feature extraction and sample selection procedures are performed with InterIMAGE. In order to reduce the time and subjectivity involved to develop the decision rules in InterIMAGE, a data mining step is then carried out with SIPINA. In sequence, the decision trees delivered by SIPINA are analysed and encoded into InterIMAGE decision rules for the final classification step. Experiments were conducted using a subset of a GeoEye image, acquired in January 01, 2013, covering the urban portion of the municipality of Goianésia, Brazil. Five decision tree induction algorithms, available in SIPINA, were tested: ID3, C45, GID3, Assistant86 and CHAID. The TAU and Kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the results. The TAU values obtained were in the range of 0.66 and 0.70, while those for Kappa varied from 0.65 to 0.69.

Capturing the Connectivity of High-Dimensional Geometric Spaces by Parallelizable Random Sampling Techniques

Applications such as robot programming, design for manufactur- ing, animation of digital actors, rationale drug design, and surgical planning, require computing paths in high-dimensional geometric spaces, a provably hard problem. Recently, a general path-planning approach based on a parallelizable random sampling scheme has emerged as an effective approach to solve this problem. In this approach, the path planner captures the connectivity of a space F by building a probabilistic roadmap, a network of simple paths connecting points picked at random in F. This paper combines results previously presented in separate papers. It describes a basic probabilistic roadmap planner that is easily parallelizable, and it analyzes the performance of this planner as a function of how well F satisfies geometric properties called e-goodness, expansiveness, and path clearance. While e-goodness allows us to study how well a probabilistic roadmap covers F, expansiveness and path clearance allow us to compare the connectedness of the roadmap to that of F

Crenças de pais e mães sobre investimento parental

O investimento parental aumenta a chance de sobrevivência dos bebês e garante a aptidão dos pais. Embora seja adaptativo, não ocorre automaticamente, assumindo formas diversas de acordo com o contexto. Considerando que as crenças parentais são parte desse contexto, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar crenças de pais e mães sobre investimento parental e o que relatam fazer para investir na criação de seu filho. Cinquenta homens e cinquenta mulheres com filho de até seis anos responderam a duas perguntas abertas sobre concepção de investimento e práticas realizadas. As respostas foram classificadas em: investimento financeiro, emocional, cuidados básicos, intelectual, social-espiritual e familiar-individual. Homens e mulheres indicaram valorizar e realizar mais o investimento emocional. Em geral, mães relatam investir mais que pais, principalmente em relação aos cuidados. Houve algumas incongruências entre crenças e práticas relatadas. Esses resultados podem contribuir para o estudo das crenças e do investimento parental, principalmente dos pais, que nem sempre são incluídos em pesquisas