Towards versatile access networks (Chapter 3)

Compared to its previous generations, the 5th generation (5G) cellular network features an additional type of densification, i.e., a large number of active antennas per access point (AP) can be deployed. This technique is known as massive multipleinput multiple-output (mMIMO) [1]. Meanwhile, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) evolution, e.g., in channel state information (CSI) enhancement, and also on the study of a larger number of orthogonal demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports for MU-MIMO, was one of the Release 18 of 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP Rel-18) work item. This release (3GPP Rel-18) package approval, in the fourth quarter of 2021, marked the start of the 5G Advanced evolution in 3GPP. The other items in 3GPP Rel-18 are to study and add functionality in the areas of network energy savings, coverage, mobility support, multicast broadcast services, and positionin

Safety of reagents for infection testing: Results of the market surveillance by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medicinal Devices until end 2006

and end of 2006 were analyzed in respect to the source of report, the underlying product defects, and the performed corrective actions. Within the observation period a total of 888 reports on IVD were received of which 90 related to the IVD for infection testing included in our study. Reports were predominantly received from manufacturers (55) and Competent Authorities (29). Affected products were most frequently those for serological analysis (42) and culturing techniques (36), whereas molecular biological tests played only a minor role (12). Investigations of the manufacturers were able to identify the underlying root causes of product failures in 68 cases (75.6 %). In 16 cases (17.8 %) the root cause remained unclear and in 6 cases (6.6 %) a product failure was excluded or a user error was the underlying cause. Most frequently product failures were caused by material defects (25), production errors (11), microbial contamination (6), and labelling errors (5). Manufacturers issued corrective measures in 73 cases (81.1 %). Based on the underlying root causes of product failures, these were predominantly (multiple entries) customer information (71), recall (58), modifications in production or quality management (50), modifications of the raw materials (17), and modifications of the instructions for use (12). The results and experience obtained since 1999 suggest that the system for post marketing surveillance of IVD is an established tool to ensure product safety even though the current system can be further optimised

Milling strategies optimized for industrial robots to machine hard materials

Industrial robots offer a good basis for machining from a conceptual point of view. Still they are rarely utilized for machining applications in industry compared to CNC machines due to their low stiffness and the bad achievable work piece quality. Available compensation approaches, like online compensation approaches to increase position accuracy using costly additional hardware and measurement equipment as well as offline compensation approaches using a set of empirical measurement data and models to predict deviation, try to compensate errors whether to already avoid them if possible. In this paper milling and robot strategies are proposed to increase work piece quality without additional hardware or models. Experimental validations of the results have been performed for different kinds of shapes and materials

A Preliminary Study on Waveform Candidates for 5G Mobile Radio Communications Above 6 GHz

This paper provides an overview and preliminary comparison of several multi-carrier and single-carrier waveforms that are potential candidates for future 5G mobile radio communications above 6 GHz. The waveforms are assessed primarily based on the established and known results as well as recent findings keeping in view the design requirements that are relevant to using frequencies above 6 GHz, especially the millimeter wave frequencies. The Key Performance Indicators and degrees of freedom in the design of different waveforms and their potential applications for mm-wave communications are discussed. Certain features that are particularly interesting for mm-wave communication and require further investigations are also highlighted. Furthermore, a common framework for synthesizing different waveform candidates has been developed. Finally, a preliminary qualitative comparison of different multicarrier and single carrier waveforms has been derived

Advanced interference management in ARTIST4G: Interference Avoidance

This paper gives an overview of the objectives and current research activities on interference avoidance in the EC funded research project ARTIST4G. It is the main objective of the ARTIST4G Work Package 1 (WP1), to build forward on the 3GPP LTE Release 8 baseline, proposing a novel fair mobile broadband technological framework in which to design innovative, practical, scalable and cost-effective interference avoidance solutions. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental classes of innovations studied in ARTIST4G Work Package 1 (WP1) and presents some performance results obtained by means of numerical simulations and test-bed measurements run in the field