www.elsevier.tiocate/npe Towards the Energy Spectrum and Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays in the Knee Region: Methods and Results at KASCADE

KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) is a multi-detector setup to observe the electro-magnetic, muonic and hadronic air shower components simultaneously at primary energies in the region of the “knee”. A large number of observables per single shower are registered. The main aims of the experiment are the determination of the primary energy spectrum around the “knee ” and the energy variation of the chemical composition. The measurements reveal an increasing mean mass of the primary cosmic rays above the observed kink, and a sharper knee for the light primary component than for the all-particle spectrum, and the absence of a knee for the heavy component between 1 and 10 PeV. 1

Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment SUPPLEMENTS www.clsevier.com/locatc/npc

The status and capabilities of the KASCADEGrande extensive air shower experiment are presented. The installation is located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and comprises a large collecting area (0.5 km2) electro-magnetic array (Grande) operated jointly with the existing KASCADE detectors. KASCADEGrande will cover the primary energy range 1016 eV < EO < 10 ” eV overlapping with KASCADE around lOI eV, thus providing continuous information on the primary energy and mass of cosmic rays from 3 * lOI eV up to 10 ” eV. The major goal of the measurements is the unambiguous observation of the“iron knee ” expected in the cosmic ray spectrum at ELe z 1017 eV. 1