Utilizing Brain-computer Interfacing to Control Neuroprosthetic Devices

Advances in neuroprosthetics in recent years have made an enormous impact on the quality of life for many people with disabilities, helping them regain the functionality of damaged or impaired abilities. One of the main hurdles to regaining full functionality regarding neuroprosthetics is the integration between the neural prosthetic device and the method in which the neural prosthetic device is controlled or manipulated to function correctly and efficiently. One of the most promising methods for integrating neural prosthetics to an efficient method of control is through Brian-computer Interfacing (BCI). With this method, the neuroprosthetic device is integrated into the human brain through the use of a specialized computer, which allows for users of neuroprosthetic devices to control the devices in the same way that they would control a normally working human function- with their mind. There are both invasive and non-invasive methods to implement Brain-computer Interfacing, both of which involve the process of acquiring a brain signal, processing the signal, and finally providing a usable device output. There are several examples of integration between Brain-computer Interfacing and neural prosthetics that are currently being researched. Many challenges must be overcome before a widespread clinical application of integration between Brain-computer Interfaces and neural prosthetics becomes a reality, but current research continues to provide promising advancement toward making this technology available as a means for people to regain lost functionality

Unconscious learning of automatic inhibition is reflected in frontal theta and sensorimotor oscillations

The cognitive control of action is thought to be mediated byconscious effort as reflected by changes in frontal theta activity. Wemeasured frontal theta during a response inhibition task in 16healthy adults who implicitly learned repeated patterns of go/switchcues, resulting in unaware differences in cognitive demand fordifferent cues. Learning was reflected by reduced reaction times(RT) to probable compared to unexpected switch cues. In the rareabsence of behavioural (RT) differences, concurrent measures ofpupil diameter revealed changes in effort with stimulus probability,while effort was accompanied by parametric increases intheta. Additionally, theta predicted pre-response sensorimotorgamma, suggesting interactions between frontal and sensorimotorcortex during cognitive control. These results provide furtherevidence for a functional role of theta in cognitive effort duringresponse preparation, inhibition and execution, even in the absenceof conscious awareness

On the Derivative of 2-Holonomy for a Non-Abelian Gerbe

The local 2-holonomy for a non abelian gerbe with connection is first studied via a local zig-zag Hochschild complex. Next, by locally integrating the cocycle data for our gerbe with connection, and then glueing this data together, an explicit definition is offered for a global version of 2-holonomy. After showing this definition satisfies the desired properties for 2-holonomy, its derivative is calculated whereby the only interior information added is the integration of the 3-curvature. Finally, for the case when the surface being mapped into the manifold is a sphere, the derivative of 2-holonomy is extended to an equivariant closed form in the spirit of the construction of Tradler-Wilson-Zeinalian for abelian gerbes

Single color and single flavor color superconductivity

We survey the non-locked color-flavor-spin channels for quark-quark (color superconducting) condensates in QCD, using an NJL model. We also study isotropic quark-antiquark (mesonic) condensates. We make mean-field estimates of the strength and sign of the self-interaction of each condensate, using four-fermion interaction vertices based on known QCD interactions. For the attractive quark pairing channels, we solve the mean-field gap equations to obtain the size of the gap as a function of quark density. We also calculate the dispersion relations for the quasiquarks, in order to see how fully gapped the spectrum of fermionic excitations will be. We use our results to specify the likely pairing patterns in neutral quark matter, and comment on possible phenomenological consequences

Critical phenomena from the two-particle irreducible 1/N expansion

The 1/N expansion of the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action is employed to compute universal properties at the second-order phase transition of an O(N)-symmetric N-vector model directly in three dimensions. At next-to-leading order the approach cures the spurious small-N divergence of the standard (1PI) 1/N expansion for a computation of the critical anomalous dimension eta(N), and leads to improved estimates already for moderate values of N.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure

Belief bias during reasoning among religious believers and skeptics

We provide evidence that religious skeptics, as compared to believers, are both more reflective and effective in logical reasoning tasks. While recent studies have reported a negative association between an analytic cognitive style and religiosity, they focused exclusively on accuracy, making it difficult to specify potential underlying cognitive mechanisms. The present study extends the previous research by assessing both performance and response times on quintessential logical reasoning problems (syllogisms). Those reporting more religious skepticism made fewer reasoning errors than did believers. This finding remained significant after controlling for general cognitive ability, time spent on the problems, and various demographic variables. Crucial for the purpose of exploring underlying mechanisms, response times indicated that skeptics also spent more time reasoning than did believers. This novel finding suggests a possible role of response slowing during analytic problem solving as a component of cognitive style that promotes overriding intuitive first impressions. Implications for using additional processing measures, such as response time, to investigate individual differences in cognitive style are discussed

It’s Still Bullshit: Reply to Dalton (2016)

In reply to Dalton (2016), the authors argue that bullshit is defined in terms of how it is produced, not how it is interpreted. They agree that it can be interpreted as profound by some readers (and assumed as much in the original paper). Nonetheless, they present additional evidence against the possibility that more reflective thinkers are more inclined to interpret bullshit statements as profound

On the Reception and Detection of Pseudo-profound Bullshit

Although bullshit is common in everyday life and has attracted attention from philosophers, its reception (critical or ingenuous) has not, to our knowledge, been subject to empirical investigation. Here we focus on pseudo-profound bullshit, which consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are presented as true and meaningful but are actually vacuous. We presented participants with bullshit statements consisting of buzzwords randomly organized into statements with syntactic structure but no discernible meaning (e.g., “Wholeness quiets infinite phenomena”). Across multiple studies, the propensity to judge bullshit statements as profound was associated with a variety of conceptually relevant variables (e.g., intuitive cognitive style, supernatural belief). Parallel associations were less evident among profundity judgments for more conventionally profound (e.g., “A wet person does not fear the rain”) or mundane (e.g., “Newborn babies require constant attention”) statements. These results support the idea that some people are more receptive to this type of bullshit and that detecting it is not merely a matter of indiscriminate skepticism but rather a discernment of deceptive vagueness in otherwise impressive sounding claims. Our results also suggest that a bias toward accepting statements as true may be an important component of pseudo-profound bullshit receptivity