2,101 research outputs found
Addressing Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Through Comprehensive Population-Level Approaches
Addressing heart disease and stroke prevention throug
Galaxy Cluster Masses Without Non-Baryonic Dark Matter
We apply the modified acceleration law obtained from Einstein gravity coupled
to a massive skew symmetric field, F_{\mu\nu\lambda}, to the problem of
explaining X-ray galaxy cluster masses without exotic dark matter. Utilizing
X-ray observations to fit the gas mass profile and temperature profile of the
hot intracluster medium (ICM) with King beta-models, we show that the dynamical
masses of the galaxy clusters resulting from our modified acceleration law fit
the cluster gas masses for our sample of 106 clusters without the need of
introducing a non-baryonic dark matter component. We are further able to show
for our sample of 106 clusters that the distribution of gas in the ICM as a
function of radial distance is well fit by the dynamical mass distribution
arising from our modified acceleration law without any additional dark matter
component. In previous work, we applied this theory to galaxy rotation curves
and demonstrated good fits to our sample of 101 LSB, HSB and dwarf galaxies
including 58 galaxies that were fit photometrically with the single parameter
(M/L)_{stars}. The results there were qualitatively similar to those obtained
using Milgrom's phenomenological MOND model, although the determined galaxy
masses were quantitatively different and MOND does not show a return to
Keplerian behavior at extragalactic distances. The results here are compared to
those obtained using Milgrom's phenomenological MOND model which does not fit
the X-ray galaxy cluster masses unless an auxiliary dark matter component is
included.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS, July 8, 2005. 16 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, 106
galaxy cluster
Combining Search, Social Media, and Traditional Data Sources to Improve Influenza Surveillance
We present a machine learning-based methodology capable of providing
real-time ("nowcast") and forecast estimates of influenza activity in the US by
leveraging data from multiple data sources including: Google searches, Twitter
microblogs, nearly real-time hospital visit records, and data from a
participatory surveillance system. Our main contribution consists of combining
multiple influenza-like illnesses (ILI) activity estimates, generated
independently with each data source, into a single prediction of ILI utilizing
machine learning ensemble approaches. Our methodology exploits the information
in each data source and produces accurate weekly ILI predictions for up to four
weeks ahead of the release of CDC's ILI reports. We evaluate the predictive
ability of our ensemble approach during the 2013-2014 (retrospective) and
2014-2015 (live) flu seasons for each of the four weekly time horizons. Our
ensemble approach demonstrates several advantages: (1) our ensemble method's
predictions outperform every prediction using each data source independently,
(2) our methodology can produce predictions one week ahead of GFT's real-time
estimates with comparable accuracy, and (3) our two and three week forecast
estimates have comparable accuracy to real-time predictions using an
autoregressive model. Moreover, our results show that considerable insight is
gained from incorporating disparate data streams, in the form of social media
and crowd sourced data, into influenza predictions in all time horizon
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