Producción de un hidrolizado proteico extenso de girasol mediante hidrólisis secuencial con endo- y exo-proteasas

5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables.[EN] A high quality protein isolate has been obtained from defatted sunflower meal by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation. Protein content was increased from 31.2 % in the defatted flour to 97 % in the protein isolate. The percentages of fiber, soluble sugars, polyphenols and residual lipids in the protein isolate were reduced to more than 90 % with respect to the defatted meal. The protein isolate was used as starting material for the generation of an extensive enzymatic protein hydrolysate. The hydrolysis was carried out in a pH stat using sequentially an endo-protease (Alcalase) and an exo-protease (Flavourzyme). The protein hydrolysate, with a degree of hydrolysis of 50.7 %, was white and non bitter.[ES] Se ha obtenido un aislado proteico de alta calidad a partir de harina desengrasada de girasol, mediante extracción alcalina y precipitación isoeléctrica. Se incrementó el contenido proteico desde un 31.2 % en la harina desengrasada hasta un 97 % en el aislado proteico. Los porcentajes de fibra, azúcares solubles, polifenoles y lípidos residuales se redujeron en más del 90 % en el aislado proteico respecto a la harina desengrasada. Se usó el aislado proteico como material de partida para la producción de un hidrolizado enzimático proteico extenso. La hidrólisis se realizó en un reactor usando secuencialmente una endo-proteasa (Alcalasa) y una exo-proteasa (Flavorzima). El hidrolizado proteico, con un grado de hidrólisis del 50.7 %, era blanco y no presentaba amargor.This work was supported by CICYT Grant AL198-0766.Peer reviewe

Papel de las bacterias del ácido láctico en verduras fermentadas

The consumption of fermented vegetables is widespread throughout the world and represents an important component of the human diet with considerable contribution to the food supply for a world popula­tion in continuous growth. Many of the fermented vegetables share a general process which requires salting and acidification steps. Among the microorganisms responsible for fermentation, lactic acid bacteria are the most relevant with important organoleptic, quality and safety benefits. This review deals with the microbial ecology of fermented vegetables focusing on the biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria, the most important molecular tech­niques used for their identification and genotyping, their importance for the formation of biofilms as well as their use as starter cultures for obtaining high-quality and safe vegetable products.El consumo de vegetales fermenta­dos está muy extendido en el mundo y representa un componente importante de la dieta humana con un apoyo considerable a la cadena alimentaria para una población mundial en continuo crecimiento. Muchos de los vege­tales fermentados comparten un proceso general, que requiere una puesta en salmuera y acidificación. Entre los microorganismos responsables de la fermentación, las bacterias del ácido láctico son las más relevantes con una importante influencia sobre aspectos organolépticos, de calidad y seguridad del producto final. Esta revisión trata sobre la ecología microbiana de los vegetales fermentados, prestando especial atención a la biodiversidad de las bacterias del ácido láctico, las técnicas moleculares más importantes utilizadas para su identificación y genotipado, su importancia para la formación de biofilms y su uso como cultivos iniciadores multifuncionales para la obtención de productos vegetales de alta calidad y seguridad

A Sunspot Catalog for the Period 1952-1986 from Observations Made at the Madrid Astronomical Observatory

Sunspot catalogs are very useful for studying the solar activity of the recent past. In this context, a catalog covering more than three solar cycles made by the astronomers of the Madrid Astronomical Observatory in Spain (nowadays, the National Astronomical Observatory) from 1952 until 1986 has been recovered. Moreover, a machine-readable version of this catalog has been made available. We have recovered abundant metadata and studied the reliability of this dataset by comparing it with other sunspot catalogs.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physic

RT-PCR-DGGE analysis to elucidate the dominant bacterial species of industrial Spanish-style green table olive fermentations

This paper describes the dominant bacterial species metabolically active through the industrial production of Spanish-style Manzanilla and Gordal olives. For this purpose, samples (brines and fruits) obtained at 0, 15, and 90 fermentation days were analyzed by a culture-independent approach to determine viable cells by reverse transcription of RNA and further PCR-DGGE analysis, detecting at least 7 different species. Vibrio vulnificus, Lactobacillus plantarum group, and Lactobacillus parafarraginis were present in samples from both cultivars; Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Halolactobacillus halophilus were detected only in Gordal samples, while Staphylococcus sp. was exclusively found at the onset of Manzanilla fermentations. Physicochemical data showed a typical fermentation profile while scanning electron microscopy confirmed the in situ biofilm formation on the olive epidermis. Different Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus species, not detected during the fermentation process, were also found in the solid marine salt used by the industry for preparation of brines. Elucidation of these non-lactic acid bacteria species role during fermentation is then an appealingly challenge, particularly regarding safety issues.The research has received funding from the Spanish Government (Project OliFilm AGL-2013-48300-R: www.olifilm.science.com.es). AB-C and FA-L wish to express thanks to the Spanish Government for their pre-doctoral fellowship and postdoctoral research contract (Ramón y Cajal), respectively.Peer Reviewe

Effects of different stress parameters on growth and on oleuropein-degrading abilities of lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains selected as tailored starter cultures for naturally table olives

The use of β-glucosidase positive strains, as tailored-starter cultures for table olives fermentation, is a useful biotechnological tool applied to accelerate the debittering process. Nowadays, strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species are selected for their high versatility and tolerance to stress conditions. The present study investigated the effect of different stress factors (pH, temperature and NaCl) on growth and on oleuropein-degrading abilities of selected L. plantarum strains. In addition, the presence of the beta-glucosidase gene was investigated by applying a PCR based approach. Results revealed that, overall, the performances of the tested strains appeared to be robust toward the different stressors. However, the temperature of 16 °C significantly affected the growth performance of the strains both singularly and in combination with other stressing factors since it prolongs the latency phase and reduces the maximum growth rate of strains. Similarly, the oleuropein degradation was mainly affected by the low temperature, especially in presence of low salt content. Despite all strains displayed the ability to reduce the oleuropein content, the beta-glucosidase gene was detected in five out of the nine selected strains, demonstrating that the ability to hydrolyze the oleuropein is not closely related to the presence of beta-glucosidase. Data of the present study suggest that is extremely important to test the technological performances of strains at process conditions in order to achieve a good selection of tailored starter cultures for table olives

The effect of seasoning with herbs on the nutritional, safety and sensory properties of reduced-sodium fermented Cobrançosa cv. table olives

This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of seasoning Cobrancosa table olives in a brine with aromatic ingredients, in order to mask the bitter taste given by KCl when added to reduced-sodium fermentation brines. Olives were fermented in two different salt combinations: Brine A, containing 8% NaCl and, Brine B, a reduced-sodium brine, containing 4% NaCl + 4% KCl. After the fermentation the olives were immersed in seasoning brines with NaCl (2%) and the aromatic herbs (thyme, oregano and calamintha), garlic and lemon. At the end of the fermentation and two weeks after seasoning, the physicochemical, nutritional, organoleptic, and microbiological parameters, were determined. The olives fermented in the reduced-sodium brines had half the sodium concentration, higher potassium and calcium content, a lower caloric level, but were considered, by a sensorial panel, more bitter than olives fermented in NaCl brine. Seasoned table olives, previously fermented in Brine A and Brine B, had no significant differences in the amounts of protein (1.23% or 1.11%), carbohydrates (1.0% or 0.66%), fat (20.0% or 20.5%) and dietary fiber (3.4% or 3.6%). Regarding mineral contents, the sodium-reduced fermented olives, presented one third of sodium, seven times more potassium and three times more calcium than the traditional olives fermented in 8% NaCl. Additionally, according to the panelists' evaluation, seasoning the olives fermented in 4% NaCl + 4% KCl, resulted in a decrease in bitterness and an improvement in the overall evaluation and flavor. Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not found in the olives produced.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ECLIM-SEHOP, a new platform to set up and develop international academic clinical trials for childhood cancer and blood disorders in Spain

Introduction: Cancer and blood disorders in children are rare. The progressive improvement in survival over the last decades largely relies on the development of international academic clinical trials that gather the sufcient number of patients globally to elaborate solid conclusions and drive changes in clinical practice. The participation of Spain into large international academic trials has traditionally lagged behind of other European countries, mainly due to the burden of administrative tasks to open new studies, lack of fnancial support and limited research infrastructure in our hospitals. Methods: The objective of ECLIM-SEHOP platform (Ensayos Clínicos Internacionales Multicéntricos-SEHOP) is to overcome these difculties and position Spain among the European countries leading the advances in cancer and blood disorders, facilitate the access of our patients to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and, most importantly, continue to improve survival and reducing long-term sequelae. ECLIM-SEHOP provides to the Spanish clinical investigators with the necessary infrastructural support to open and implement academic clinical trials and registries. Results: In less than 3 years from its inception, the platform has provided support to 20 clinical trials and 8 observational studies, including 8 trials and 4 observational studies where the platform performs all trial-related tasks (integral support: trial setup, monitoring, etc.) with more than 150 patients recruited since 2017 to these studies. In this manuscript, we provide baseline metrics for academic clinical trial performance that permit future comparisons. Conclusions: ECLIM-SEHOP facilitates Spanish children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer and blood disorders to access state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic strategies

Tratamiento con glucocorticoides en pacientes con inflamación relacionada a angiopatía amiloide cerebral: ¿qué tan útil son?

Objective. The objective of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence on the usefulness of glucocorticoids in patients with Inflammation Related to Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (IrCAA). Methods. Systematic review. A bibliographic search was carried out in the search engines and databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO and MEDLINE databases, including any article related to the evaluation of the usefulness, efficacy or safety of glucocorticoids on inflammation of the cerebral amyloid angiopathy, would be included, giving priority to original studies and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results. It was found that the current evidence on its use is limited, deriving mainly from case reports, case series and retrospective studies. However, it seems that these agents cause a favorable response with partial resolution of the neurological manifestations immediately and/or progressively in the medium and long term, as well as abnormal imaging changes, given by vasogenic edema and cortical and subcortical microbleeds. although the improvement of the latter is not very marked. Conclusion. Current evidence on the use of glucocorticoids and their impact on clinical and neuroimaging outcomes is limited.Objetivo. El objetivo de esta revisión consiste en analizar la evidencia más reciente sobre la utilidad de los glucocorticoides en pacientes con Inflamación relacionada a Angiopatía Amiloide Cerebral (IrAAC). Métodos. Revisión sistemática. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en los motores de búsqueda y bases de datos bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO y MEDLINE, incluyendo cualquier artículo relacionado con la evaluación de la utilidad, eficacia o seguridad de los glucocorticoides sobre la inflamación de angiopatía amiloide cerebral, sería incluido, dando prioridad a los estudios originales y a las revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis. Resultados. Se encontró que, la evidencia actual sobre su uso es limitada, derivando principalmente de casos reporte, series de casos y estudios retrospectivos. No obstante, parece ser que estos agentes ocasionan una respuesta favorable con solución parcial de las manifestaciones neurológicas de manera inmediata y/o progresiva a mediano y largo plazo, así como de los cambios anormales imagenológicos, dados por edema vasogénico y microsangrados corticales y subcorticales, aunque la mejoría de este último, no es muy marcado. Conclusión. La evidencia actual sobre el uso de glucocorticoides y su impacto sobre desenlaces clínicos y neuroimagenológicos es limitada

Constitutive gene expression profile segregates toxicity in locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with high-dose hyperfractionated radical radiotherapy

Breast cancer patients show a wide variation in normal tissue reactions after radiotherapy. The individual sensitivity to x-rays limits the efficiency of the therapy. Prediction of individual sensitivity to radiotherapy could help to select the radiation protocol and to improve treatment results. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between gene expression profiles of ex vivo un-irradiated and irradiated lymphocytes and the development of toxicity due to high-dose hyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Raw data from microarray experiments were uploaded to the Gene Expression Omnibus Database (GEO accession GSE15341). We obtained a small group of 81 genes significantly regulated by radiotherapy, lumped in 50 relevant pathways. Using ANOVA and t-test statistical tools we found 20 and 26 constitutive genes (0 Gy) that segregate patients with and without acute and late toxicity, respectively. Non-supervised hierarchical clustering was used for the visualization of results. Six and 9 pathways were significantly regulated respectively. Concerning to irradiated lymphocytes (2 Gy), we founded 29 genes that separate patients with acute toxicity and without it. Those genes were gathered in 4 significant pathways. We could not identify a set of genes that segregates patients with and without late toxicity. In conclusion, we have found an association between the constitutive gene expression profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the development of acute and late toxicity in consecutive, unselected patients. These observations suggest the possibility of predicting normal tissue response to irradiation in high-dose non-conventional radiation therapy regimens. Prospective studies with higher number of patients are needed to validate these preliminary results