1,488 research outputs found
Estimates of Radiation by Superluminal Neutrinos
We show that the more energetic superluminal neutrinos with quadratically
dispersed superluminalities \delta=\beta^2-1, for \beta=v/c where v is the
neutrino velocity, also lose significant energy to radiation to the \nu+e^-+e^+
final state in travelling from CERN to Gran Sasso as has been shown to occur
for those with constant superluminality by Cohen and Glashow if indeed \delta
\simeq 5\times 10^{-5}. In addition, we clarify the dependence of such
radiative processes on the size of the superluminality.Comment: 6 pages, no figures; text re-arranged for journal purposes; improved
references; published version(title changed by Editors
Universality of Quantum Gravity Corrections
We show that the existence of a minimum measurable length and the related
Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), predicted by theories of Quantum
Gravity, influence all quantum Hamiltonians. Thus, they predict quantum gravity
corrections to various quantum phenomena. We compute such corrections to the
Lamb Shift, the Landau levels and the tunnelling current in a Scanning
Tunnelling Microscope (STM). We show that these corrections can be interpreted
in two ways: (a) either that they are exceedingly small, beyond the reach of
current experiments, or (b) that they predict upper bounds on the quantum
gravity parameter in the GUP, compatible with experiments at the electroweak
scale. Thus, more accurate measurements in the future should either be able to
test these predictions, or further tighten the above bounds and predict an
intermediate length scale, between the electroweak and the Planck scale.Comment: v1: 4 pages, LaTeX; v2: typos corrected, references updated, version
to match published version in Physical Review Letter
On the controversy concerning the definition of quark and gluon angular momentum
A major controversy has arisen in QCD as to how to split the total angular
momentum into separate quark and gluon contributions, and as to whether the
gluon angular momentum can itself be split, in a gauge invariant way, into a
spin and orbital part. Several authors have proposed various answers to these
questions and offered a variety of different expressions for the relevant
operators. I argue that none of these is acceptable and suggest that the
canonical expression for the momentum and angular momentum operators is the
correct and physically meaningful one. It is then an inescapable fact that the
gluon angular momentum operator cannot, in general, be split in a gauge
invariant way into a spin and orbital part. However, the projection of the
gluon spin onto its direction of motion i.e. its helicity is gauge invariant
and is measured in deep inelastic scattering on nucleons. The Ji sum rule,
relating the quark angular momentum to generalized parton distributions, though
not based on the canonical operators, is shown to be correct, if interpreted
with due care. I also draw attention to several interesting aspects of QED and
QCD, which, to the best of my knowledge, are not commented upon in the standard
textbooks on Field Theory.Comment: 41 pages; Some incorrect statements have been rectified and a
detailed discussion has been added concerning the momentum carried by quarks
and the Ji sum rule for the angular momentu
Scattering of Dirac and Majorana Fermions off Domain Walls
We investigate the interaction of fermions having both Dirac and left-handed
and right-handed Majorana mass terms with vacuum domain walls. By solving the
equations of motion in thin-wall approximation, we calculate the reflection and
transmission coefficients for the scattering of fermions off walls.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, some typos corrected, one reference added, major
revisions, title changed, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Heavy Meson Physics: What have we learned in Twenty Years?
I give a personal account of the development of the field of heavy quarks.
After reviewing the experimental discovery of charm and bottom quarks, I
describe how the field's focus shifted towards determination of CKM elements
and how this has matured into a precision science.Comment: This talk was presented during the ceremony awarding the Medalla 2003
of the Division of Particles and Fields of The Mexican Phsyical Society, at
the IX Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields; submitted for proceedings; 9
pages, 9 figures; replacement: fix multiple typo
Pion-Exchange and Fermi-Motion Effects on the Proton-Deuteron Drell-Yan Process
Within a nuclear model that the deuteron has NN and \pi NN components, we
derive convolution formula for investigating the Drell-Yan process in
proton-deuteron (pd) reactions. The contribution from the \pi NN component is
expressed in terms of a pion momentum distribution that depends sensitively on
the \pi NN form factor. With a \pi NN form factor determined by fitting the \pi
N scattering data up to invariant mass W = 1.3 GeV, we find that the
pion-exchange and nucleon Fermi-motion effects can change significantly the
ratios between the proton-deuteron and proton-proton Drell-Yan cross sections,
R_{pd/pp} = \sigma^{pd}/(2\sigma^{pp}), in the region where the partons emitted
from the target deuteron are in the Bjorken x_2 > 0.4 region. The calculated
ratios R_{pd/pp} at 800 GeV agree with the available data. Predictions at 120
GeV for analyzing the forthcoming data from Fermilab are presented.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures. A couple of new numerical results are added.
arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1106.556
Transformation laws of the components of classical and quantum fields and Heisenberg relations
The paper recalls and point to the origin of the transformation laws of the
components of classical and quantum fields. They are considered from the
"standard" and fibre bundle point of view. The results are applied to the
derivation of the Heisenberg relations in quite general setting, in particular,
in the fibre bundle approach. All conclusions are illustrated in a case of
transformations induced by the Poincar\'e group.Comment: 22 LaTeX pages. The packages AMS-LaTeX and amsfonts are required. For
other papers on the same topic, view http://theo.inrne.bas.bg/~bozho/ . arXiv
admin note: significant text overlap with arXiv:0809.017
Dilepton production from non-equilibrium hot hadronic matter
It is investigated under which conditions an adiabatic adaption of the
dynamic and spectral information of vector mesons to the changing medium in
heavy ion collisions, as assumed in schematic model calculations and
microscopic transport simulations, is a valid assumption. Therefore time
dependent medium modifications of low mass vector mesons are studied within a
non-equilibrium quantum field theoretical description. Timescales for the
adaption of the spectral properties are given and non-equilibrium dilepton
yields are calculated, leading to the result that memory effects are not
negligible for most scenarios.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, To appear in the proceedings of the 43rd
International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics, Bormio, Italy, 13 Mar - 20
Mar 200
Pygmy dipole resonance as a constraint on the neutron skin of heavy nuclei
The isotopic dependence of the isovector Pygmy dipole response in tin is
studied within the framework of the relativistic random phase approximation.
Regarded as an oscillation of the neutron skin against the isospin-symmetric
core, the pygmy dipole resonance may place important constraints on the neutron
skin of heavy nuclei and, as a result, on the equation of state of neutron-rich
matter. The present study centers around two questions. First, is there a
strong correlation between the development of a neutron skin and the emergence
of low-energy isovector dipole strength? Second, could one use the recently
measured Pygmy dipole resonance in 130Sn and 132Sn to discriminate among
theoretical models? For the first question we found that while a strong
correlation between the neutron skin and the Pygmy dipole resonance exists, a
mild anti-correlation develops beyond 120Sn. The answer to the second question
suggests that models with overly large neutron skins--and thus stiff symmetry
energies--are in conflict with experiment.Comment: 16 pages with 6 figure
A proposal for testing Quantum Gravity in the lab
Attempts to formulate a quantum theory of gravitation are collectively known
as {\it quantum gravity}. Various approaches to quantum gravity such as string
theory and loop quantum gravity, as well as black hole physics and doubly
special relativity theories predict a minimum measurable length, or a maximum
observable momentum, and related modifications of the Heisenberg Uncertainty
Principle to a so-called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). We have
proposed a GUP consistent with string theory, black hole physics and doubly
special relativity theories and have showed that this modifies all quantum
mechanical Hamiltonians. When applied to an elementary particle, it suggests
that the space that confines it must be quantized, and in fact that all
measurable lengths are quantized in units of a fundamental length (which can be
the Planck length). On the one hand, this may signal the breakdown of the
spacetime continuum picture near that scale, and on the other hand, it can
predict an upper bound on the quantum gravity parameter in the GUP, from
current observations. Furthermore, such fundamental discreteness of space may
have observable consequences at length scales much larger than the Planck
scale. Because this influences all the quantum Hamiltonians in an universal
way, it predicts quantum gravity corrections to various quantum phenomena.
Therefore, in the present work we compute these corrections to the Lamb shift,
simple harmonic oscillator, Landau levels, and the tunneling current in a
scanning tunneling microscope.Comment: v1: 10 pages, REVTeX 4, no figures; v2: minor typos corrected and a
reference added. arXiv admin note: has substantial overlap with
arXiv:0906.5396 , published in a different journa
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