Criticism and outstanding leadership : an evaluation of leader reactions and critical outcomes

Outstanding political leaders are frequently called upon to make high-stakes decisions. Because of the controversial and highly visible nature of these issues, they often face intense criticism. Leaders' responses to criticisms not only affect follower reactions, but also the successful resolution of the contested issue. The present study examines leader and follower reactions to different types of criticisms. A historiometric approach was used to examine biographies containing criticisms of 120 world leaders and to explore leader behaviors in response to criticisms. Specifically, leader response strategies and their success in terms of follower reactions and resolution of the criticism were examined. The results indicated that collaborative or confrontational leader response strategies proved most effective in terms of the leader's ability to continue forward with a particular agenda item and to gather support of those around him or her. Conversely, avoidant, diverting attention, and persuasive response strategies proved less effective

Development of crystalline inclusions (“ergosterol crystals”) in Neurospora crassa

Development of crystalline inclusions (“ergosterol crystals”) in “snowflake”, a morphological mutant of Neurospora crassa has been examined. The inclusions which arise in membranebound organelles appear as electron dense deposits, increase in size, and occupy nearly all the space within the organelle at maturity. The presence of catalase activity in the organelle was not detected using cytochemical procedures employing diaminobenzidine.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41731/1/709_2005_Article_BF01275681.pd

Genetics

X, 659 tr.; 24 cm

Aster shortii ssp. azureus (Lindl.), stat. nov

Volume: 55Start Page: 324End Page: 32

Cell biology.

Londonviii, 566 p.; 23 cm

Processdan Pattern in Evolution

xvi,590 hal,;ill,;23 c