Where East Meets West: Human Rights Education in Bulgaria

In today’s increasingly globalized world, both the US and Bulgaria are at a cultural crossroads. The rise of immigration due to war and the changing economic landscape ensures that both nations will become increasingly more diverse. This project focuses on developing creative writing curriculum based upon Human Rights Education (HRE) to provide U.S. teachers with foundational resources to teach Bulgarian students about human rights to build intercultural tolerance. It provides U.S. teachers in Bulgaria with a creative writing curriculum that promotes intercultural tolerance based upon human rights principles. This curriculum emphasizes two specific areas of development. The first area is strengthening English language writing skills. The second area is using the process of creative writing to critically analyze various human rights issues. This curriculum primarily focuses on the need to humanize minority and immigrant groups, in turn, recognizing their inherent human rights. When teaching human rights through creative writing, both Bulgarian students and their American teachers have the opportunity to experience meaningful intercultural exchange with people who view the world through vastly different social and historical perspectives. Through this curriculum, both teachers and students may engage as active participants and learners. In this way, true intercultural competence, based on mutual respect, may be achieved. It is my hope that this curriculum will serve as a jumping off point for continued learning and meaningful intercultural exchange between people of the US and Bulgaria

Investigations into the assembly behaviour of a 'rigidified': P-carboxylatocalix[4]arene

The p-carboxylatocalix[4]arenes have been shown to be versatile supramolecular building blocks capable of forming a range of bi-layers, capsules and nanoscale tubules in the solid state. Here we report the synthesis of a new 'rigidified' analogue, as well as investigations into its self-assembly and related coordination chemistry. These behaviours are reminiscent of other p-carboxylatocalix[4]arenes despite the presence of rigidifying groups at the lower-rim, suggesting that this building block may be further exploited in the assembly of a range of new metal-organic cages and coordination polymers

Acceleration Cycles for the LHC Proton Beam in the SPS

A magnetic cycle for the SPS, having a shorter acceleration time than that used at present for the nominal LHC beam cycle, has been designed. This cycle consists of 7 different parts, all described by parabolas, satisfying different criteria coming from the voltage and power limitations in the main dipoles and 200 MHz RF system, as well as from beam dynamics considerations. We plan to test this cyle in 2006 first with the LHC pilot beam, for which the cycle length will be 33% less than the present 10.8 s long cycle. With LHC in operation, this should increase the available flux of protons to other SPS users. Later the possibility of using this cycle for higher intensity beam should also be verified experimentally. The expected reduction of the LHC filling time is 15%

Multiturn Measurements at the CERN SPS

The CERN SPS multiturn facility, based on the new beam orbit measurement system MOPOS, enables the User to acquire the position of the beam at each beam position monitor (BPM) over a number of consecutive turns. When the multiturn acquisition is synchronised with a perturbation imposed on the beam (for instance a fast kick), useful information about the optics of the SPS and the dynamic behaviour of the beam can be extracted from the data. A measurement of the amplitude and phase of the betatron oscillation at each BPM can be used to compare the theoretical optics functions with the real ones, and possibly to detect localised errors. Differences between two such measurements can be used to study the dependence on a variable parameter (e.g. beam intensity, beam energy, etc) and therefore indirectly measure quantities, like the impedance, distributed along the ring. Finally, due to 90 degrees phase advance lattice, plotting the positions measured at two consecutive BPMs against each other gives information about the behaviour of the beam in the transverse phase space. Results of measurements performed at the CERN SPS are presente

The SPS as a Vacuum Test Bench for the Electron Cloud Studies with LHC Type Beams

The SPS machine has been operating with LHC-type beams with bunch intensities up to 8x1010 protons (70% of LHC nominal intensity). This paper will give evidence of the electron cloud phenomenon as the mechanism responsible for the pressure rises in the SPS in presence of LHC type beams. The dependence of the pressure rise and of the electron current measured with dedicated pick-ups on various beam characteristics such as proton bunch intensity, number of bunches needed to start the e-cloud phenomenon and the effect of missing bunches will be presented. The evolution of the pressure rise with the integrated current ('beam scrubbing') will be discussed. The observed effect of the dipole magnetic field and of the treatment of the stainless steel vacuum chambers with N2 glow discharge on the pressure rise and on its evolution with the integrated current will be also considered. Finally, the consequences of the electron cloud build-up on the SPS vacuum system for the LHC beam nominal intensity will be described

Baseline LHC machine parameters and configuration of the 2015 proton run

This paper shows the baseline LHC machine parameters for the 2015 start-up. Many systems have been upgraded during LS1 and in 2015 the LHC will operate at a higher energy than before and with a tighter filling scheme. Therefore, the 2015 commissioning phase risks to be less smooth than in 2012. The proposed starting configuration puts the focus on feasibility rather than peak performance and includes margins for operational uncertainties. Instead, once beam experience and a better machine knowledge has been obtained, a push in $\beta^*$ and performance can be envisaged. In this paper, the focus is on collimation settings and reach in $\beta^*$---other parameters are covered in greater depth by other papers in these proceedings.Comment: submitted for publication in a CERN yellow report (Proceedings of the LHC Performance Workshop - Chamonix 2014

Emission of non CO2 greenhouse gases from landfills of different age located in central Italy

none5openM. MAIONE; J. ARDUINI; M. RINALDI; F. MANGANI; B. CAPACCIONIMaione, Michela; Arduini, Jgor; M., Rinaldi; Mangani, Filippo; B., Capaccion

FIRE Cirrus on October 28, 1986: LANDSAT; ER-2; King Air; theory

A simultaneous examination was conducted of cirrus clouds in the FIRE Cirrus IFO-I on 10/28/86 using a multitude of remote sensing and in-situ measurements. The focus is cirrus cloud radiative properties and their relationship to cloud microphysics. A key element is the comparison of radiative transfer model calculations and varying measured cirrus radiative properties (emissivity, reflectance vs. wavelength, reflectance vs. viewing angle). As the number of simultaneously measured cloud radiative properties and physical properties increases, more sharply focused tests of theoretical models are possible

Utilizing Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training to Improve Aerobic Capacity in Physically Active and Injured Individuals: A Critically Appraised Topic

Purpose: To determine if, in physically active individuals, low-intensity Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training is more effective than training without BFR at improving measures of aerobic capacity. Methods: A database search was conducted for articles that matched inclusion criteria (minimum level 2 evidence, physically active participants, comparison of low-intensity BFR to no BFR training, comparison of pre-post testing with aerobic fitness or performance, training protocols \u3e2 weeks, studies published after 2010) by two authors and assessed by one using the PEDro scale (a minimum of 5/10 was required) to ensure level 2 quality studies that were then analyzed. Results: Four studies met all inclusion criteria. Three of the studies found significant improvements in aerobic capacity (VO2max) using BFR compared to no BFR. While the fourth study reported significant improvements in time to exertion (TTE) training with BFR, this same study did not find significant improvements in measures of aerobic capacity with BFR training. All compared BFR to non-BFR training. It was noted that high-intensity training without BFR was superior to both low-intensity training with and without BFR with respect to improvements in aerobic capacity. Conclusions: Moderate evidence exists to support the use of low-intensity BFR training to improve measures of aerobic capacity in physically active individuals over not using BRF. Clinicians seeking to maintain aerobic capacity in their patients who are unable, for various reasons, to perform high levels of aerobic activity may find low-intensity BFR training useful as a substitution while still receiving improvements in measures of aerobic capacity

The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: Comparison of satellite and aircraft derived particle size

Theoretical calculations predict that cloud reflectance in near infrared windows such as those at 1.6 and 2.2 microns should give lower reflectances than at visible wavelengths. The reason for this difference is that ice and liquid water show significant absorption at those wavelengths, in contrast to the nearly conservative scattering at wavelengths shorter than 1 micron. In addition, because the amount of absorption scales with the path length of radiation through the particle, increasing cloud particle size should lead to decreasing reflectances at 1.6 and 2.2 microns. Measurements at these wavelengths to date, however, have often given unpredicted results. Twomey and Cocks found unexpectedly high absorption (factors of 3 to 5) in optically thick liquid water clouds. Curran and Wu found expectedly low absorption in optically thick high clouds, and postulated the existence of supercooled small water droplets in place of the expected large ice particles. The implications of the FIRE data for optically thin cirrus are examined