HCMM energy budget data as a model input for assessing regions of high potential groundwater pollution

The author has identified the following significant results. Significant relationships were found between surface soil temperatures estimated from HCMM radiometric temperatures and depth to ground water and near surface soil moisture

Crop identification using ERTS imagery

Digital analysis of August 15 ERTS-I imagery for southeastern South Dakota was performed to determine the feasibility of conducting crop surveys from satellites. Selected areas of bands 4, 5, 6, and 7 positive transparencies were converted to digital form utilizing Signal Analysis and Dissemination Equipment (SADE). The optical transmission values were printed out in a spatial format. Visual analysis of the printouts indicated that cultivated areas were readily distinguished from non-cultivated areas in all four bands. Bare soil was easily recognized in all four bands. Corn and soybeans, the two major crops in the area, were treated as separate classes rather than as a single class called row crops. Bands 6 and 7 provided good results in distinguishing between corn and soybeans

HCMM energy budget data as a model input for assessing regions of high potential groundwater pollution

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

HCMM energy budget data as a model input for assessing regions of high potential groundwater pollution

The author has identified the following significant results. The finite difference model was used to calculate the differences in surface temperature between two hypothetical sites which result from a temperature difference at 50 cm due to the presence of shallow ground water at one of the sites. Although qualitative results of the model seemed consistant with experimental results, further evaluation showed a need for taking account of differences in thermal conductivity due to different moisture profiles at the two sites considered

HCMM energy budget data as a model input for assessing regions of high potential groundwater pollution

The author has identified the following significant results. In early April 1978, heavy spring runoff from snowmelt caused significant flooding along a portion of the Big Sioux River Basin in southeastern South Dakota. The flooded area was visible from surrounding areas on a May 15 HCMM IR test image. On May 15, the flood waters had receded but an area of anomalous residual high soil moisture remained. The high soil moisture area was not visible on a HCMM day visible test image of the same scene, or on LANDSAT imagery. To evaluate the effect of water table depth on surface temperatures, thermal scanner data collected on September 5 and 6, 1978 at approximate HCMM overpass times at an altitude of 3650 m were analyzed. Apparent surface temperatures measured by the scanner included emittance contributions from soil surface and the land cover. Results indicated that the shallow water tables produced a damping of the amplitude of the diurnal surface temperature wave

Evaluation of HCMM data for assessing soil moisture and water table depth

Soil moisture in the 0-cm to 4-cm layer could be estimated with 1-mm soil temperatures throughout the growing season of a rainfed barley crop in eastern South Dakota. Empirical equations were developed to reduce the effect of canopy cover when radiometrically estimating the soil temperature. Corrective equations were applied to an aircraft simulation of HCMM data for a diversity of crop types and land cover conditions to estimate the soil moisture. The average difference between observed and measured soil moisture was 1.6% of field capacity. Shallow alluvial aquifers were located with HCMM predawn data. After correcting the data for vegetation differences, equations were developed for predicting water table depths within the aquifer. A finite difference code simulating soil moisture and soil temperature shows that soils with different moisture profiles differed in soil temperatures in a well defined functional manner. A significant surface thermal anomaly was found to be associated with shallow water tables

HCMM energy budget data as a model input for assessing regions of high potential groundwater pollution

The author has identified the following significant results. To investigate the general relationship between surface temperature and soil moisture profiles, a series of model calculations were carried out. Soil temperature profiles were calculated during a complete diurnal cycle for a variety of moisture profiles. Preliminary results indicate the surface temperature difference between two sites measured at about 1400 hours is related to the difference in soil moisture within the diurnal damping depth (about 50 cm). The model shows this temperature difference to vary considerably throughout the diurnal cycle

Variability of Factors Influencing Stand Establishment in Green Needlegrass Populations from Western South Dakota

In recent years, there has been an alarming conversion of rang-land to cropland in western South Dakota. More importantly, much of this increase in cropland has resulted in the plowing of large areas of land where the soils are unsuited or only marginally suited to continuous cultivation. During the period from 1967 to 1975, the extent of this trend represented a net increase of about 200,000 of class IV soils, which are used for the production of annual crops. Historically, such unwise expansions of cropland to land areas that are susceptable to severe wind and water erosion have resulted in costly and time consuming revegetation of these areas to perennial grasses. After the severe drought of the 1930’s, crested wheatgrass was used almost exclusively to revegetate the eroded croplands in western South Dakota. Attempts to use native species for revegetation of cropland in the 1930’s met with very little success. Seed of native species was not readily available, and the seedling vigor of widely distributed native such as green needlegrass and western wheatgrass was found to be greatly inferior to that of the crested wheatgrass. Green needlegrass is a cool season native species, which is well adapted to semi-arid regions of the northern Great Plains. Where range condition is good or excellent in western South Dakota, green needlegrass is a dominant species on medium to fine-textured soils. As a medium to fine-textured soils. As a mid-height species of grass, it is an important contributor to the total forage production of rangeland in western South Dakota. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variability of factors influencing stand establishment of green needlegrass and to determine the potential for selecting an improved variety from collections made at seven sites (representing 6 ecotypes) in western South Dakota. Variation of mature plant characteristics was also studied to determine of see and forage production could be improved through selection

Treatment of Capacity to Contract in Conflict of Laws Cases

The decision of a ease often depends upon the conception which is held of the fundamental nature of the problem presented in the controversy. Perhaps in no field is this more true than in that of the conflict of laws. And it may be ventured that in no other has resulted more confusion and inconsistency in adjudications a result of failure to analyze the legal problems in particular cases down to their foundations and even their sub-structures, or as a result of failure to agree upon such analysis. Because of the additional complexity which the conflict of laws phase gives to a case which might be difficult enough if it involved a purely domestic controversy, in no field of the law is clear comprehension and therefore sound and thorough analysis of each particular problem more needed or desirable. It is proposed to consider the nature of the conflict of laws problem in general and then with reference to a few cases of a particular type and to show the significance of fundamental analysis in affecting the result of judicial determinations

Federal Rules of Evidence - Rules 609(A) and 403 - Witnesses - Impeachment by Prior Criminal Conviction

The Federal District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania has held that evidence of a prior criminal conviction can not be used to impeach the credibility of a plaintiff in a civil suit. Tussel v. Witco Chemical Corp., 555 F. Supp. 979 (W.D. Pa. 1983)