44,573 research outputs found
Holographic Dark Energy Characterized by the Total Comoving Horizon and Insights to Cosmological Constant and Coincidence Problem
The observed acceleration of the present universe is shown to be well
explained by the holographic dark energy characterized by the total comoving
horizon of the universe (HDE). It is of interest to notice that the very
large primordial part of the comoving horizon generated by the inflation of
early universe makes the HDE behave like a cosmological constant. As a
consequence, both the fine-tuning problem and the coincidence problem can
reasonably be understood with the inflationary universe and holographical
principle. We present a systematic analysis and obtain a consistent
cosmological constraint on the HDE model based on the recent cosmological
observations. It is found that the HDE model gives the best-fit result
() and the minimal
which is compatible with for the CDM model.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, two eqs. (26)(27) added for the consistent
approximate solution of dark energy in early universe, references added,
published version in PR
Strong laws of large numbers for sub-linear expectations
We investigate three kinds of strong laws of large numbers for capacities
with a new notion of independently and identically distributed (IID) random
variables for sub-linear expectations initiated by Peng. It turns out that
these theorems are natural and fairly neat extensions of the classical
Kolmogorov's strong law of large numbers to the case where probability measures
are no longer additive. An important feature of these strong laws of large
numbers is to provide a frequentist perspective on capacities.Comment: 10 page
Generalized reflection symmetry and leptonic CP violation
We propose a generalized reflection symmetry to constrain the
lepton flavor mixing parameters. We obtain a new correlation between the
atmospheric mixing angle and the "Dirac" CP violation phase
. Only in a specific limit our proposed CP transformation
reduces to standard reflection, for which and
are both maximal. The "Majorana" phases are predicted to lie at
their CP-conserving values with important implications for the neutrinoless
double beta decay rates. We also study the phenomenological implications of our
scheme for present and future neutrino oscillation experiments including T2K,
NOA and DUNE.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, latex, Final version to appear in Physics
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A Palette of Deepened Emotions: Exploring Emotional Challenge in Virtual Reality Games
Recent work introduced the notion of ‘emotional challenge’promising for understanding more unique and diverse player experiences (PX). Although emotional challenge has immediately attracted HCI researchers’ attention, the concept has not been experimentally explored, especially in virtual reality (VR), one of the latest gaming environments. We conducted two experiments to investigate how emotional challenge affects PX when separately from or jointly with conventional challenge in VR and PC conditions. We found that relatively exclusive emotional challenge induced a wider range of different emotions in both conditions, while the adding of emotional challenge broadened emotional responses only in VR. In both experiments, VR significantly enhanced the measured PX of emotional responses, appreciation, immersion and presence. Our findings indicate that VR may be an ideal medium to present emotional challenge and also extend the understanding of emotional (and conventional) challenge in video games
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