45 research outputs found

    Highly non-Gaussian states created via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

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    We propose a feasible scheme for generation of strongly non-Gaussian states using the cross-Kerr nonlinearity. The resultant states are highly non-classical states of electromagnetic field and exhibit negativity of their Wigner function, sub-Poissonian photon statistics, and amplitude squeezing. Furthermore, the Wigner function has a distinctly pronounced ``banana'' or ``crescent'' shape specific for the Kerr-type interactions, which so far was not demonstrated experimentally. We show that creating and detecting such states should be possible with the present technology using electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level atomic system in N-configuration.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

    Towards high-speed optical quantum memories

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    Quantum memories, capable of controllably storing and releasing a photon, are a crucial component for quantum computers and quantum communications. So far, quantum memories have operated with bandwidths that limit data rates to MHz. Here we report the coherent storage and retrieval of sub-nanosecond low intensity light pulses with spectral bandwidths exceeding 1 GHz in cesium vapor. The novel memory interaction takes place via a far off-resonant two-photon transition in which the memory bandwidth is dynamically generated by a strong control field. This allows for an increase in data rates by a factor of almost 1000 compared to existing quantum memories. The memory works with a total efficiency of 15% and its coherence is demonstrated by directly interfering the stored and retrieved pulses. Coherence times in hot atomic vapors are on the order of microsecond - the expected storage time limit for this memory.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

    Propagation of Squeezed Vacuum under Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

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    We experimentally and theoretically analyze the transmission of continuous-wave and pulsed squeezed vacuum through rubidium vapor under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. Frequency- and time-domain homodyne tomography is used to measure the quadrature noise and reconstruct the quantum states of the transmitted light. A simple theoretical model explains the spectrum and degradation of the transmitted squeezing with high precision

    Modeling and simulation of internal combustion engines

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    Influence of high rates of supplemental cooled EGR on NOx and PM emissions of an automotive HSDI diesel engine using an LP EGR loop

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    International audienc

    A Phenomenological Heat Transfer Model of SI Engines – Application to the Simulation of a Full-Hybrid Vehicle Un modĂšle phĂ©nomĂ©nologique de transfert thermique au sein de moteurs Ă  allumage commandĂ© — Application Ă  la simulation d’un vĂ©hicule full-hybride

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    A hybrid thermal-electric vehicle allows some significant fuel economy due to its peculiar use of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) that runs with better efficiency. However, this propulsion system impacts its thermal behaviour, especially during its warm-up after a cold start. The ICE can indeed be shut down when the vehicle is stopped (Stop&Start system) and during full-electric propulsion mode (allowed at light speed and load if the battery state of charge is high enough) resulting in a lack of heat source and a slow down of the warm-up. Moreover, the use of the ICE at higher loads while charging the batteries provides an increase of the heating power generated by the combustion. Control strategies in a hybrid vehicle (energy repartition between the two propulsions: thermal and electric) have a significant effect on its final consumption. Therefore, the simulation of hybrid vehicles is then useful to evaluate the efficiency of these strategies. However, the consideration of the warm-up of the ICE in such a propulsion system was done in only few published studies. A simulation tool using the Amesim software has been developed in order to simulate the warm-up of an ICE used in a hybrid parallel propulsion system. The corresponding model is developed in order to take into account the thermal phenomena occurring between the different ICE components. Thus, a thermodynamic model is coupled with a thermal model of the metallic parts and the different fluid loops (water and oil). Their mean temperature dependence with different parameters like speed, the load, the cylinder geometry and the spark advance, is studied with the aim at reducing fuel consumption. The thermal model of the engine is finally integrated in a simulation of the whole vehicle. The thermal behaviour of a parallel electric full-hybrid vehicle using a spark ignition engine is then presented using this simulation tool. The simulation results show the impact of the peculiar use of the ICE on its thermal behaviour. Especially, it appears that the efficiency of the engine is less penalized than expected by the cold state of the engine. Finally, a parametric study of the modeled engine and a research of a possible optimization of the engine efficiency and the warm-up period are done. <br> Un vĂ©hicule hybride Ă©lectrique permet des Ă©conomies de carburant non nĂ©gligeables grĂące Ă  une meilleure utilisation du Moteur Ă  Combustion Interne (MCI) sur des points de rĂ©gime-charge Ă  meilleurs rendements. Cependant ce fonctionnement particulier a un impact sur le comportement thermique du MCI, en particulier, pendant sa pĂ©riode de chauffe aprĂšs un dĂ©part Ă  froid. En effet, le moteur peut ĂȘtre arrĂȘtĂ© lorsque le vĂ©hicule est Ă  l’arrĂȘt (systĂšme Stop&Start) ainsi que pendant les phases de propulsion en Ă©lectrique pur (possible Ă  vitesse faible si l’état de charge de la batterie est suffisamment Ă©levĂ©) entraĂźnant un manque de source de chaleur et donc un ralentissement du rĂ©chauffement du moteur. De plus, l’utilisation du MCI avec des charges plus importantes lors de la recharge des batteries provoque une augmentation de la puissance thermique disponible issue de la combustion. Les stratĂ©gies de contrĂŽle d’un vĂ©hicule hybride (rĂ©partition d’énergie entre les deux types de propulsion : thermique et Ă©lectrique) ont un effet important sur sa consommation finale. Ainsi, la simulation phĂ©nomĂ©nologique 0D de vĂ©hicules hybrides est utile afin d’évaluer l’efficacitĂ© de ces stratĂ©gies. Cependant, il existe un nombre trĂšs limitĂ© d’études oĂč la pĂ©riode de chauffe du moteur thermique est prise en compte dans ce type de simulations. Un outil de simulation utilisant le logiciel Amesim a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© afin de simuler la montĂ©e en tempĂ©rature du MCI utilisĂ© dans un systĂšme de propulsion hybride parallĂšle. Le modĂšle est construit afin de prendre en compte les phĂ©nomĂšnes thermiques ayant lieu au sein de cet Ă©lĂ©ment. Un modĂšle thermodynamique est couplĂ© Ă  un modĂšle de transferts thermiques reprĂ©sentant les diffĂ©rentes parties mĂ©talliques ainsi que les diffĂ©rents fluides (eau de refroidissement et huile de lubrification). La dĂ©pendance de leur tempĂ©rature moyenne en fonction de diffĂ©rents paramĂštres comme la vitesse, ou bien la charge est Ă©tudiĂ©e dans le but de rĂ©duire la consommation de carburant. Le modĂšle thermique du moteur Ă  combustion interne est finalement intĂ©grĂ© dans une simulation d’un vĂ©hicule complet. Le comportement thermique d’un vĂ©hicule full-hybride Ă©lectrique parallĂšle utilisant un moteur Ă  allumage commandĂ© est alors prĂ©sentĂ© utilisant cet outil de simulation. Les rĂ©sultats de simulation montrent un impact certain de l’utilisation particuliĂšre du MCI dans ce type de vĂ©hicule sur le comportement thermique global de cet Ă©lĂ©ment. En particulier, il semble que le rendement du moteur thermique est moins pĂ©nalisĂ© que ce qui Ă©tait attendu lors du fonctionnement Ă  faible tempĂ©rature. Finalement, une Ă©tude paramĂ©trique du moteur modĂ©lisĂ© ainsi qu’une recherche sur les possibilitĂ©s d’optimisation du fonctionnement du moteur lors de la phase de montĂ©e en tempĂ©rature sont rĂ©alisĂ©es
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