Vascular deprivation-induced necrosis of the femoral head of the rat. An experimental model of avascular osteonecrosis in the skeletally immature individual or Legg-Perthes disease

The blood supply of rats' femoral heads was severed by cutting the ligamentum teres and stripping the periostium. Histologically, necrosis of the marrow was apparent on the 2nd postoperative day, necrosis of the bone on the 5th postoperative day and fibrous ingrowth on the 7th postoperative day. During the following 5 weeks, progressive resorption of the intertrabecular necrotic debris and necrotic bony trabeculae and subchondral bone plate and, concurrently, appositional and intramembranous new bone formation resulted in remodeling of the femoral heads. In 2 of 7 femoral heads, replacement of the necrotic bone by viable bone was complete at the 42-day postoperative interval. Also, the articular cartilage of the deformed and flattened femoral heads was undergoing degenerative changes. Reduplicating the pathogenically inferred clinical settings of blood supply deprivation, it is proposed that this model, in a small laboratory animal, satisfies the requirements sought for preclinical studies of treatment modalities of avascular osteonecrosis in man

Antecedents and consequences of employees’ adjustment to overseas assignment: a meta‐analytic review

Research on the antecedents and consequences of expatriate adjustment was reviewed using meta-analytic methods. The antecedents and outcomes of three facets of adjustment were examined. Self-efficacy, frequency of interaction with host nationals, and family support consistently predicted all three types of adjustment. In addition, better interpersonal skills were associated with greater adjustment to general environment. Greater cultural novelty was associated with less interactional adjustment. Role conflict, ambiguity, and discretion were also strong predictors of work adjustment. A structural equations model that illustrated causal relationships involving expatriate adjustment and outcomes of job strain, job satisfaction, organisational citizenship, intent to turnover, and job performance generated a good fit with the data