SAEM—State of the Society, 2001 *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72900/1/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01152.x.pd

You Can Run, but You Can't Hide: The Academic Physician and Molecular Biology

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74773/1/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02766.x.pd

Pluripotent stem cells for uncovering the role of mitochondria in human brain function and dysfunction

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are a known pathogenetic mechanism of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. At the same time, mutations in genes encoding for components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cause mitochondrial diseases, which commonly exhibit neurological symptoms. Mitochondria are therefore critical for the functionality of the human nervous system. The importance of mitochondria stems from their key roles in cellular metabolism, calcium handling, redox and protein homeostasis, and overall cellular homeostasis through their dynamic network. Here, we describe how the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may help addressing the physiological and pathological relevance of mitochondria for the human nervous system. PSCs allow the generation of patient-derived neurons and glia and the identification of gene-specific and mutation-specific cellular phenotypes via genome engineering approaches. We discuss the recent advances in PSC-based modeling of brain diseases and the current challenges of the field. We anticipate that the careful use of PSCs will improve our understanding of the impact of mitochondria in neurological and psychiatric disorders and the search for effective therapeutic avenues

Placental Malaria and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Rural Rwanda

We conducted a nested case-control study of placental malaria (PM) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) within a prospective cohort of 627 mother-infant pairs followed from October 1989 until April 1994 in rural Rwanda. Sixty stored placentas were examined for PM and other placental pathology, comparing 20 HIV-infected mother-infant (perinatal transmitter) pairs, 20 HIV-uninfected pairs, and 20 HIV-infected mothers who did not transmit to their infant perinatally. Of 60 placentas examined, 45% showed evidence of PM. Placental malaria was associated with increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–29.1), especially among primigravidae (aOR = 12.0; 95% CI = 1.0–150; P < 0.05). Before antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis, PM was associated with early infant HIV infection among rural Rwandan women living in a hyper-endemic malaria region. Primigravidae, among whom malaria tends to be most severe, may be at higher risk

Time-division SQUID multiplexers with reduced sensitivity to external magnetic fields

Time-division SQUID multiplexers are used in many applications that require exquisite control of systematic error. One potential source of systematic error is the pickup of external magnetic fields in the multiplexer. We present measurements of the field sensitivity figure of merit, effective area, for both the first stage and second stage SQUID amplifiers in three NIST SQUID multiplexer designs. These designs include a new variety with improved gradiometry that significantly reduces the effective area of both the first and second stage SQUID amplifiers.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures. Submitted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, August 201

Developing Emergency Medicine Leaders: The AACEM/SAEM Chair Development Program at 5 Years

The Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine Chair Development Program (CDP) was started in 2014 to provide emergency medicine (EM) chairs and leaders who aspired to become academic chairs with EM‐specific leadership training. Each class participated in a 1‐year program, with five sessions taught primarily by EM leaders. Data from the first 5 years of the CDP are provided. A total of 81 participants completed the program (16% women). Twenty participants who were not chairs at entry have become EM chairs. Ratings of the CDP based on a survey of participants with a 94% response rate were very favorable. The CDP has been a popular and successful vehicle to increase leadership skills and prepare EM leaders for academic chair positions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154449/1/acem13896_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154449/2/acem13896.pd