Paediatric Posttraumatic Cyst-Like Lesions: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Posttraumatic cyst-like lesions are a rare finding after greenstick fractures in children. These asymptomatic, cystic lesions become radiologically apparent 2-4 months after the initial trauma. Conventional radiographs typically show nonexpansile, well-circumscribed lesions in the cortex, proximal to the fracture site. It is important to recognize them as benign to prevent unnecessary concern and additional imaging or invasive diagnostic procedures. No treatment is indicated, as they eventually resolve spontaneously in 1 to 3 years. The two cases of posttraumatic cyst-like lesions after paediatric forearm fractures are presented

Novel Evolutionary Engineering Approach for Accelerated Utilization of Glucose, Xylose, and Arabinose Mixtures by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains▿

Lignocellulosic feedstocks are thought to have great economic and environmental significance for future biotechnological production processes. For cost-effective and efficient industrial processes, complete and fast conversion of all sugars derived from these feedstocks is required. Hence, simultaneous or fast sequential fermentation of sugars would greatly contribute to the efficiency of production processes. One of the main challenges emerging from the use of lignocellulosics for the production of ethanol by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is efficient fermentation of d-xylose and l-arabinose, as these sugars cannot be used by natural S. cerevisiae strains. In this study, we describe the first engineered S. cerevisiae strain (strain IMS0003) capable of fermenting mixtures of glucose, xylose, and arabinose with a high ethanol yield (0.43 g g−1 of total sugar) without formation of the side products xylitol and arabinitol. The kinetics of anaerobic fermentation of glucose-xylose-arabinose mixtures were greatly improved by using a novel evolutionary engineering strategy. This strategy included a regimen consisting of repeated batch cultivation with repeated cycles of consecutive growth in three media with different compositions (glucose, xylose, and arabinose; xylose and arabinose; and only arabinose) and allowed rapid selection of an evolved strain (IMS0010) exhibiting improved specific rates of consumption of xylose and arabinose. This evolution strategy resulted in a 40% reduction in the time required to completely ferment a mixture containing 30 g liter−1 glucose, 15 g liter−1 xylose, and 15 g liter−1 arabinose