Cystadénome papillaire d’une glande salivaire accessoire. A propos d’un cas

Les tumeurs des glandes salivaires sont rares et représentent 2 à 6.5 % des néoplasies de la tête et du cou. L’atteinte des glandes salivaires accessoires représente moins de 25% de l’ensemble des tumeurs des glandes salivaires [Auclair et al. 1991]. Les localisations les plus fréquentes sont : le palais, la joue et la région linguale postérieure [Tijoe et al., 2015]. La grande variabilité de l’expression clinique de ces tumeurs rend difficile l’établissement d’un diagnostic précis, d’où l’importance de l’analyse histologique. Le cas d’une tumeur bénigne des glandes salivaires accessoires de la joue est rapporté. Il s’agit d’une femme de 68 ans adressée initialement pour l’exérèse d’une lésion kystique maxillaire. Elle ne présente aucun antécédent médico-chirurgical. L’examen endobuccal révèle la découverte fortuite de plusieurs lésions nodulaires indépendantes et de tailles variables (de 0,5 à 1,5 cm de longueur dans leur grand axe) situées sur la face interne des lèvres et des joues, passées inaperçues par la patiente. La muqueuse de recouvrement est d’aspect normal. L’hygiène bucco-dentaire est défectueuse (PI>50%) et les édentements sont compensés par prothèses amovibles. A la palpation, aucune symptomatologie douloureuse n’est mise en évidence, ni d’adhésion avec les plans profonds. Ces nodules sont fermes, et pour le nodule ayant fait l’objet de l’exérèse, une suppuration apparaît. L’examen exobuccal est sans particularité, les aires ganglionnaires sont libres. L’examen radiographique est sans particularité exceptée la lésion motivant la consultation au niveau du site de 12. Les caractéristiques cliniques peuvent faire évoquer une pseudo-tumeur de glandes salivaires accessoires de type mucocèle ou une hyperplasie épithéliale (diapneusie). L’exérèse complète de la lésion de plus grande taille présentant une suppuration a été pratiquée sous anesthésie locale. Les suites opératoires ont été simples et asymptomatiques. L’examen anatomopathologique de la pièce opératoire conclut à un cystadénome papillaire d’une glande salivaire accessoire. Le cystadénome papillaire est une tumeur épithéliale bénigne rare des glandes salivaires [OMS, 2017]. Il intéresse spécialement les glandes salivaires principales, notamment la glande parotide (45%), et dans seulement 0.6 à 4% des cas une glande salivaire accessoire [Tijoe et al., 2015]. L’âge moyen de découverte se situe entre 50 et 70 ans. Le traitement de cette lésion réside dans sa simple exérèse et les récidives sont exceptionnelles. Histologiquement, la lésion est multiloculaire et du tissu conjonctif sépare les kystes, la littérature souligne la possibilité de lésions uniloculaires dans 20% des cas. Une seconde forme muqueuse moins fréquente est décrite. Le diagnostic différentiel du cystadénome papillaire comprend principalement le kyste muqueux de rétention. L’absence d’une composante lymphöde écarte le diagnostic de tumeur de Warthin. Dans ce contexte, le carcinome mucoépidermöde de bas grade doit être écarté [Stojanov et al., 2017]

Feeding pigs amino acids as protein-bound or in free form influences postprandial concentrations of amino acids, metabolites, and insulin

Dietary proteins need to be digested first while free amino acids (AAs) and small peptides are readily available for absorption and rapidly appear in the blood. The rapid postprandial appearance of dietary AA in the systemic circulation may result in inefficient AA utilisation for protein synthesis of peripheral tissues if other nutrients implicated in AA and protein metabolism are not available at the same time. The objective of this experiment was to compare the postprandial concentrations of plasma AA and other metabolites after the ingestion of a diet that provided AA either as proteins or as free AA and small peptides. Twenty-four male growing pigs (38.8 ± 2.67 kg) fitted with a jugular catheter were assigned to one of three diets that provided AA either in protein form (INT), free AA and small peptides (HYD), or as free AA (FAA). After an overnight fast and initial blood sampling, a small meal was given to each pig followed by serial blood collection for 360 min. Postprandial concentrations of plasma AA, glucose, insulin, and urea were then measured from the collected blood. Non-linear regression was used to summarise the postprandial plasma AA kinetics. Fasting concentrations of urea and some AA were higher (P < 0.05) while postprandial plasma insulin and glucose were lower (P < 0.01) for INT than for HYD and FAA. The area under the curve of plasma concentration after meal distribution was lower for INT for most AAs (P < 0.05), resulting in a flatter curve compared to HYD and FAA. This was the result of the slower appearance of dietary AA in the plasma when proteins are fed instead of free AA and small peptides. The flatter curve may also result from more AAs being metabolised by the intestine and liver when INT was fed. The metabolism of AA of the intestine and liver was higher for HYD than FAA. Providing AA as proteins or as free AA and small peptides affected the postprandial plasma kinetics of AA, urea, insulin, and glucose. Whether the flat kinetics when feeding proteins has a positive or negative effect on AA metabolism still needs to be explored

Characterization of boar sperm cytoskeletal cyclin II as an actin-binding protein

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Mechanical behaviour of a membrane made of human umbilical cord for dental bone regenerative medicine

International audienceGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is one of the most attractive techniques for restoring oral bone defects following tooth extraction or periodontal disease. To ensure the stability of a dental implant, the GBR technique relies on the use of an occlusive membrane, which is positioned as a barrier over the bone defect, providing space maintenance required for bone growth and preventing the ingrowth of fibrous tissue into the bone defect (Elgali et al. 2017). This membrane has to meet criteria guidelines in terms of mechanical properties, as the membrane has to allow a good handling for dental surgeons, without collapsing into the bone defect. Healthy perinatal tissues are promising biomaterials because they are inexpensive, and universally available (Ferguson and Dodson 2009). Among these tissues, the human umbilical cord, mainly composed of collagen fibres and glycosaminoglycan, especially hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, is expected to offer outstanding opportunities for tissue engineering by serving as a suitable biocompatible membrane for GBR.In this study, a novel membrane derived from the human umbilical cord (UC-membrane) was successfully developed following tissue stripping and freeze-drying processes. Ice crystal formation following tissue freezing is known to induce pore formation within the tissue, hampering their mechanical properties. Herein, the mechanical behaviour of UC-membrane was determined and compared to the Bio-Gide® membrane (gold standard membrane

Feeding intact proteins, peptides, or free amino acids to monogastric farm animals

International audienceFor terrestrial farm animals, intact protein sources like soybean meal have been the main ingredients providing the required amino acids (AA) to sustain life. However, in recent years, the availability of hydrolysed protein sources and free AA has led to the use of other forms of AA to feed farm animals. The advent of using these new forms is especially important to reduce the negative environmental impacts of animal production because these new forms allow reducing the dietary crude protein content and provide more digestible materials. However, the form in which dietary AA are provided can have an effect on the dynamics of nutrient availability for protein deposition and tissue growth including the efficiency of nutrient utilization. In this literature review, the use of different forms of AA in animal diets is explored, and their differences in digestion and absorption rates are focused on. These differences affect the postprandial plasma appearance of AA, which can have metabolic consequences, like greater insulin response when free AA or hydrolysates instead of intact proteins are fed, which can have a profound effect on metabolism and growth performance. Nevertheless, the use and application of the different AA forms in animal diets are important to achieve a more sustainable and efficient animal production system in the future, as they allow for a more precise diet formulation and reduced negative environmental impact. It is, therefore, important to differentiate the physiological and metabolic effects of different forms of AA to maximize their nutritional value in animal diets

Ingestion of a highly digestible protein hydrolysate induces singular postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in minipigs

The rate of absorption and appearance in the blood, and therefore the metabolic bioavailability of AA are influenced by the form AA are supplied in the feed. This study compared the postprandial profile of plasma insulin, glucose and AA after the ingestion of different protein sources providing AA as protein (feather meal, FM or poultry meal, PM) or free AA and small peptides (Extensive hydrolysed feather meal, EHFM). Five Yucatan adult mini pigs were fitted with a catheter. Three experimental diets were formulated to supply AA from FM, EHFM or PM only. The three diets provided the same amount of AA and were given once to each pig as meal test (300 g) after an overnight fasting. Serial blood samplings were collected before and 6 hours after the meal to measure insulin, glucose and plasma free AA. Compared to FM and PM, the ingestion of EHFM induced a greater postprandial insulin response. The plasma concentration of total proteinogenic AA was 51% greater after EHFM ingestion than after FM and PM ingestion. Valine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, alanine, arginine, glycine and serine exhibited a similar postprandial response. The reason of AA accumulation in the plasma after EHFM ingestion deserves further investigations