Crystallographic and Magnetic Structure of the Perovskite-Type Compound BaFeO2.5: unrivaled complexity in oxygen vacancy ordering

We report here on the characterization of the vacancy-ordered perovskite-type structure of BaFeO2.5 by means of combined Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c [a = 6.9753(1) Å, b = 11.7281(2) Å, c = 23.4507(4) Å, β = 98.813(1)°, and Z = 28] containing seven crystallographically different iron atoms. The coordination scheme is determined to be Ba7(FeO4/2)1(FeO3/2O1/1)3(FeO5/2)2(FeO6/2)1 = Ba7Fe([6])1Fe([5])2Fe([4])4O17.5 and is in agreement with the (57)Fe Mössbauer spectra and density functional theory based calculations. To our knowledge, the structure of BaFeO2.5 is the most complicated perovskite-type superstructure reported so far (largest primitive cell, number of ABX2.5 units per unit cell, and number of different crystallographic sites). The magnetic structure was determined from the powder neutron diffraction data and can be understood in terms of "G-type" antiferromagnetic ordering between connected iron-containing polyhedra, in agreement with field-sweep and zero-field-cooled/field-cooled measurements

17 Tipps wie man Kinder erzieht - Welche Erziehungsstrategien setzen Eltern ein?

Untersucht wird, welche der im Triple P-Gruppentraining vermittelten Erziehungsstrategien von den Eltern im Alltag umgesetzt werden. Die Daten stammen aus dem Projekt "Zukunft Familie", in dem die längerfristige Wirksamkeit des Elterntrainings in einer kontrollierten Studie an 280 Familien untersucht wurde. Insgesamt nahmen 144 Eltern am Gruppentraining teil und füllten vor, direkt nach der Intervention und bei der Ein-Jahres-Katamnese Kursbeurteilungs- bzw. Fragebogen zu den Erziehungsstrategien aus. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die positiven Erziehungsstrategien zur Förderung der kindlichen Entwicklung bereits vor dem Training weiter verbreitet waren als die Tipps zum Umgang mit kindlichem Problemverhalten. Über 90 Prozent der Eltern praktizierten die positiven Erziehungsstrategien auch bei der Ein-Jahres-Nachuntersuchung. Darüber hinaus gab es eine signifikante Abnahme bei der Verwendung der "Auszeit"-Strategie. (ZPID

Machine learning uncovers the most robust self-report predictors of relationship quality across 43 longitudinal couples studies

Given the powerful implications of relationship quality for health and well-being, a central mission of relationship science is explaining why some romantic relationships thrive more than others. This large-scale project used machine learning (i.e., Random Forests) to 1) quantify the extent to which relationship quality is predictable and 2) identify which constructs reliably predict relationship quality. Across 43 dyadic longitudinal datasets from 29 laboratories, the top relationship-specific predictors of relationship quality were perceived-partner commitment, appreciation, sexual satisfaction, perceived-partner satisfaction, and conflict. The top individual-difference predictors were life satisfaction, negative affect, depression, attachment avoidance, and attachment anxiety. Overall, relationship-specific variables predicted up to 45% of variance at baseline, and up to 18% of variance at the end of each study. Individual differences also performed well (21% and 12%, respectively). Actor-reported variables (i.e., own relationship-specific and individual-difference variables) predicted two to four times more variance than partner-reported variables (i.e., the partner’s ratings on those variables). Importantly, individual differences and partner reports had no predictive effects beyond actor-reported relationship-specific variables alone. These findings imply that the sum of all individual differences and partner experiences exert their influence on relationship quality via a person’s own relationship-specific experiences, and effects due to moderation by individual differences and moderation by partner-reports may be quite small. Finally, relationship-quality change (i.e., increases or decreases in relationship quality over the course of a study) was largely unpredictable from any combination of self-report variables. This collective effort should guide future models of relationships

Die Bedeutung des interpsychischen Copings für die dyadische Interaktion unter Stress

A large body of research in the field of marital interaction has focused on communication and interaction patterns in problem-solving situations or conflict discussions. On the other hand, the influence of stress on marital interaction was mainly neglected. However, stress and coping are assumed to be important variables in the context of marriage and their analysis may contribute to a better understanding of marital tension and dissatisfaction over time. In the current study we investigated the influence of coping as a moderator variable between self-perceived stress (self-report-data) and the open interaction behavior (systematic observation) of intimate partners in a stressful situation (EISI-experiment: Experimentally induced stress in dyadic interactions). As the results show, marital interaction is more negative under stress conditions. On the other hand, the the practice of adequate intrapsychic coping has a positive influence on marital interaction and helps decrease expressed negativity towards the partner under stress. Among dysfunctional coping behaviors all kinds of intrapsychic blaming revealed the most unfavorable effects on marital interaction. It is noteworthy that especially nonverbal and paraverbal negative interaction behaviors were more often practiced by the group of inadequate copers. Tension-reduction and reframing, on the other hand, gave evidence for a positive moderator effect between stress and dyadic interaction. Persons who coped this way were less negative with their partner even under stress than the group showing no or little performance of these coping styles. Our findings suggest that cognitive variables (such as intrapsychic coping) have an important impact on marital interaction

Training on the job: Behavioral analysis of job interviews in hospitality

First impressions play a critical role in the hospitality industry and have been shown to be closely linked to the behavior of the person being judged.In this work, we implemented a behavioral training framework for hospitality students with the goal of improving the impressions that other people make about them. We outline the challenges associated with designing such a framework and embedding it in the everyday practice of a real hospitality school. We collected a dataset of 169 laboratory sessions where two role-plays were conducted, job interviews and reception desk scenarios, for a total of 338 interactions. For job interviews, we evaluated the relationship between automatically extracted nonverbal cues and various perceived social variables in a correlation analysis. Furthermore, our system automatically predicted first impressions from job interviews in a regression task, and was able to explain up to 32% of the variance, thus extending the results in existing literature, and showing gender differences, corroborating previous findings in psychology. This work constitutes a step towards applying social sensing technologies to the real world by designing and implementing a living lab for students of an international hospitality management school