Secondary Quantum Hamiltonian Reduction

Recently, it has been shown how to perform the quantum hamiltonian reduction in the case of general $sl(2)$ embeddings into Lie (super)algebras, and in the case of general $osp(1|2)$ embeddings into Lie superalgebras. In another development it has been shown that when $H$ and $H'$ are both subalgebras of a Lie algebra $G$ with $H'\subset H$, then classically the $W(G,H)$ algebra can be obtained by performing a secondary hamiltonian reduction on $W(G,H')$. In this paper we show that the corresponding statement is true also for quantum hamiltonian reduction when the simple roots of $H'$ can be chosen as a subset of the simple roots of $H$. As an application, we show that the quantum secondary reductions provide a natural framework to study and explain the linearization of the $W$ algebras, as well as a great number of new realizations of $W$ algebras.Comment: 33 pages, LATEX. Final version, including proof of conjecture. Accepted for publication in Comm. Math. Phy

Extended Superconformal Algebras from Classical and Quantum Hamiltonian Reduction

We consider the extended superconformal algebras of the Knizhnik-Bershadsky type with $W$-algebra like composite operators occurring in the commutation relations, but with generators of conformal dimension 1,$\frac{3}{2}$ and 2, only. These have recently been neatly classified by several groups, and we emphasize the classification based on hamiltonian reduction of affine Lie superalgebras with even subalgebras $G\oplus sl(2)$. We reveiw the situation and improve on previous formulations by presenting generic and very compact expressions valid for all algebras, classical and quantum. Similarly generic and compact free field realizations are presented as are corresponding screening charges. Based on these a discussion of singular vectors is presented. (Based on talk by J.L. Petersen at the Int. Workshop on "String Theory, Quantum Gravity and the Unification of the Fundamental Interactions", Rome Sep. 21-26, 1992)Comment: 30 pages, NBI-HE-92-8

The Strange Star Surface: A Crust with Nuggets

We reexamine the surface composition of strange stars. Strange quark stars are hypothetical compact stars which could exist if strange quark matter was absolutely stable. It is widely accepted that they are characterized by an enormous density gradient ($~10^{26}$ g/cm$^4$) and large electric fields at surface. By investigating the possibility of realizing a heterogeneous crust, comprised of nuggets of strange quark matter embedded in an uniform electron background, we find that the strange star surface has a much reduced density gradient and negligible electric field. We comment on how our findings will impact various proposed observable signatures for strange stars.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Farm Programs, Price Supports and Iowa Farms - Some Possible Adjustments under Lower Future Prices

What would happen to Iowa farms if farm prices dropped an average of 20 percent? It\u27s not likely to happen, but to find out, economists made projectiosn, then analyzed to see what adjustments could be possible

Amounts and Costs of Alternative Land Retirement Programs

A study by economists from ISU\u27s Center for Agricultural and Economic Development projects costs and land requirements for various farm programs. Their conclusion: there\u27s no program that\u27s all good nor all bad. The public will have to compare goals and values to select the program they desire

Electronic structure of the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe from first principles

The superconductor UCoGe is analyzed with electronic structure calculations using Linearized Augmented Plane Wave method based on Density Functional Theory. Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic calculations with and without correlations (via LDA+U) were done. In this compound the Fermi level is situated in a region where the main contribution to DOS comes from the U-5f orbital. The magnetic moment is mainly due to the Co-3d orbital with a small contribution from the U-5f orbital. The possibility of fully non-collinear magnetism in this compound seems to be ruled out. These results are compared with the isostructural compound URhGe, in this case the magnetism comes mostly from the U-5f orbital

Chiral phase properties of finite size quark droplets in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model

Chiral phase properties of finite size hadronic systems are investigated within the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Finite size effects are taken into account by making use of the multiple reflection expansion. We find that, for droplets with relatively small baryon numbers, chiral symmetry restoration is enhanced by the finite size effects. However the radius of the stable droplet does not change much, as compared to that without the multiple reflection expansion.Comment: RevTex4, 9 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Strangelet spectra from type II supernovae

We study in this work the fate of strangelets injected as a contamination in the tail of a "strange matter-driven" supernova shock. A simple model for the fragmentation and braking of the strangelets when they pass through the expanding oxygen shell is presented and solved to understand the reprocessing of this component. We find that the escaping spectrum is a scaled-down version of the one injected at the base of the oxygen shell. The supernova source is likely to produce low-energy particles of $A \sim 100-1000$ quite independently of the initial conditions. However, it is difficult that ultrarrelativistic strangelets (such as the hypothetical Centauro primaries) can have an origin in those explosive events.Comment: RevTex file, 5 pp., no figure