Significant bird records from north-east Cambodia in March-April 1999

Volume: 20Start Page: 102End Page: 10

Note on the osteology and taxonomic position of Salvadori\u27s duck Salvadorina waigiuensis (Aves: Anseridae[Anatidae])

Volume: 109Start Page: 22End Page: 2

Biometry, ecology and population status of the Endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola in the Svyatoy Nos wetlands, Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia, Russia

Volume: 32Start Page: 1End Page:

Woodpecker pecking: how woodpeckers avoid brain injury

Woodpeckers are capable of repeated pecking on a tree at remarkably high decelerations (on the order of 10 000 m s−2 or 1000 g). In this paper, I re-examine previous studies of pecking and scaling effects in brain injury. I find that there are three keys to woodpeckers' ability to withstand high decelerations: their small size, which reduces the stress on the brain for a given acceleration; the short duration of the impact, which increases the tolerable acceleration; and the orientation of the brain within the skull, which increases the area of contact between the brain and the skull