Comparison of adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on pure and chemically modified fly ashes

The study investigates chemical modifications of coal fly ash (FA) treated with HCl or NH4 HCO3 or NaOH or Na2 edta, based on the research conducted to examine the behaviour of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorbed from water solution on treated fly ash. In laboratory tests, the equilibrium and kinetics were examined applying various temperatures (293 - 333 K) and pH (2 - 11) values. The maximum Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity obtained at 293 K, pH 9 and mixing time 2 h from the Langmuir model can be grouped in the following order: FA-NaOH > FA-NH 4 HCO 3 > FA > NaOH2edta > FA-HCl. The morphology of fly ash grains was examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and images of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order rate model but showed a very poor fit for the pseudo- first order model. The intra-particle model also revealed that there are two separate stages in the sorption process, i.e. the external diffusion and the inter-particle diffusion. Thermodynamics parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also determined. A laboratory test demonstrated that the modified coal fly ash worked well for the Cd(II) and Pb(II) ion uptake from polluted waters

Effect of chemical modification of the coal fly ash onto adsorption of lead(ii) ions in the presence of cadmium(ii) ions in a singleand bi-component system

Celem badań było określenie wpływu modyfikacji chemicznej odpadowego lotnego popiołu węglowego (FA) za pomocą roztworów HNO3, CH3COONH4 (AcNH4), NaOH oraz dietyloditiokarbaminianu sodu (NaDDTC) na adsorpcję jonów ołowiu(II) w obecności jonów kadmu(II) w układzie jedno- i dwuskładnikowym. Analizowano modele izoterm adsorpcji w układzie jednoskładnikowym, m.in.: Freundlicha, Langmuira, Redlicha-Petersona, Jovanoviča, Fumkina- Fowlera-Guggenheima, Fowlera-Guggenheima-Jovanoviča-Freundlicha oraz Halseya, a także w układzie dwuskładnikowym za pomocą rozszerzonego modelu Langmuira, Langmuira- Freundlicha oraz Jaina-Snoeyinka. W testach laboratoryjnych badano równowagę oraz kinetykę adsorpcji. Adsorpcję jonów Pb(II) i Cd(II) w układzie jednoskładnikowym za pomocą FA, FA-NaOH i FA-AcNH4 dobrze opisuje model Langmuira oraz Redlicha-Petersona. Najwyższą wartość maksymalnej pojemności adsorpcyjnej uzyskano w przypadku FA-NaOH, która wynosiła 220 mg·g–1 s.m. oraz 55 mg·g–1 s.m. odpowiednio dla jonów Pb(II) i Cd(II). Badania wykazały, że FA-NaOH posiadają większą selektywność względem jonów Pb(II) niż względem jonów Cd(II), co jest związane z wielkością promienia uwodnionego jonu metalu i wartością pierwszej stałej równowagi reakcji hydrolizy. Otrzymane dane kinetyczne adsorpcji zostały dobrze wyrażone za pomocą modelu pseudo-drugiego rzędu (R2 = 0,998), natomiast wykazały bardzo słabe dopasowanie do modelu pseudo-pierwszego rzędu (R2 3, CH3COONH4 (AcNH4), and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) as an adsorbent for the removal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions in single- and bi-component system. In laboratory tests, the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption were examined. The adsorption isotherm models in single-component system were analysed, among others Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, Jovanovič, Fumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim, Fowler-Guggenheim-Jovanovič-Freundlich, and Halsey, as well as in bi-component system by means of extended Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich, and Jain-Snoeyink models. The maximum Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model can be grouped in the following order: FA-NaOH > FA-AcNH4 > FA > FA-NaDDTC > FA-HNO3. Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in single-component system, both the Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models for the FA, FA-NaOH, and FA-AcNH4 could be fitted to experimental data. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the FA-NaOH was found to be 220 mg·g–1 dry mass and 55 mg·g–1 dry mass for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions respectively. Equilibrium experiments shows that the selectivity of FA-NaOH towards Pb(II) ions is greater than that of Cd(II) ions, which is related to their hydrated ionic radius and first hydrolysis equilibrium constant. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order rate model (R2 = 0.998) but showed a very poor fit for the pseudo-first order model (R2 < 0.8). The Elovich and intra-particle model were analysed, also revealed that there are two separate stages in the sorption process, namely, the external diffusion and the inter-particle diffusion. It was found that the chemical enhancement of coal fly ash by NaOH treatment yields an effective and economically feasible material for the treatment of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions-containing effluents

Physicochemistry, morphology and leachability of selected metals from post-galvanized sewage sludge from screw factory in Łańcut, SE Poland

Morphology, physicochemical properties, chemical composition of post-galvanized sewage sludge from Screw Factory in Łańcut, leachability and mobility of metals has been analyzed. The analyses with the use of scanning electron microscope with an adapter to perform chemical analysis of microsites (EDS) showed that the material is characterized by a high fragmentation and a predominant number of irregularly shaped grains. The sewage sludge is alkaline with a large loss of ignition (34.6%) and small bulk density (< 1 g/cm3). The EDS analyses evidenced presence of oxygen, silicon, calcium, chromium, iron and zinc in all examined areas, and presence of manganese and copper in selected areas indicating a non-uniform distribution of metals in the sewage sludge. Within one-stage mineralization and FAAS technique a predominant share of calcium, zinc and iron in terms of dry matter was recorded in the sewage sludge. The contents of Co, Cr, Cu, K, Mn, Ni and Pb in sewage sludge are below 1%. Evaluation of mobility and leaching of metals in sewage sludge was carried out by means of two parameters: accumulation coefficient of mobile fractions and leaching level related to the mass solubility of sewage sludge. The results indicate that the short-term or long-term storage of not inactivated post-galvanized sewage sludge can result in release of metals