Growth of CuCl thin films by magnetron sputtering for ultraviolet optoelectronic applications

Copper (I) chloride (CuCl) is a potential candidate for ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronics due to its close lattice match with Si (mismatch less than 0.4%) and a high UV excitonic emission at room temperature. CuCl thin films were deposited using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The influence of target to substrate distance (dts) and sputtering pressure on the composition, microstructure, and UV emission properties of the films were analyzed. The films deposited with shorter target to substrate spacing (dts=3 cm) were found to be nonstoichiometric, and the film stoichiometry improves when the substrate is moved away from the target (dts=4.5 and 6 cm). A further increase in the spacing results in poor crystalline quality. The grain interface area increases when the sputtering pressure is increased from 1.1×10–³ to 1×10–² mbar at dts=6 cm. Room temperature cathodoluminescence spectrum shows an intense and sharp UV exciton (Z₃) emission at ~385 nm with a full width at half maximum of 16 nm for the films deposited at the optimum dts of 6 cm and a pressure of 1.1×10–³ mbar. A broad deep level emission in the green region (~515 nm) is also observed. The relative intensity of the UV to green emission peaks decreased when the sputtering pressure was increased, consistent with an increase in grain boundary area. The variation in the stoichiometry and the crystallinity are attributed to the change in the intensity and energy of the flux of materials from the target due to the interaction with the background gas molecules

Band structures of the

Band structures of the 123Cs nucleus have been investigated using the 100Mo(28Si, p4n) reaction at a beam energy of 130 MeV. The previously observed rotational bands based on \ensuremath{\pi} h 11/2, \ensuremath{\pi} g 7/2 and \ensuremath{\pi} g 9/2 orbitals have been extended. The excitation energies of these bands have been established with the help of interband transitions and those connecting to the low-energy levels established from the \ensuremath{\beta} + /EC decay of 123Ba (T 1/2 = 2.7 m). The bandhead of the \ensuremath{\pi} g 9/2 band at the 328.1 keV (I^{\ensuremath{\pi}} = 9/2^{ + }) is proposed to be isomeric following arguments based on the intensity balance of the feeding and de-exciting \ensuremath{\gamma} transitions. New multiquasiparticle bands based on \ensuremath{\pi} h_{11/2}\otimes \ensuremath{\nu}h_{11/2} \otimes \nu g_{7/2}, \ensuremath{\pi} $g_{7/2} \otimes \pi(h_{11/2})^{2}$ and \ensuremath{\pi} $g_{7/2} \otimes \pi (h_{11/2})^{2} \otimes \nu(h_{11/2})^{2}$ configurations have been identified

Rotational structures in the

The collective band structures of the 125Cs nucleus have been investigated by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic techniques following the 110Pd ( 19F, 4n) reaction at 75MeV. The previously known level scheme, with rotational bands built on πg 7/2, πg 9/2 and πh 11/2 orbitals, has been extended and evolves into bands involving rotationally aligned ν(h 11/2)2 and π(h 11/2)2 quasiparticles. A strongly coupled band has been reassigned a high-K πh 11/2 ⊗ νg 7/2 ⊗ νh 11/2 three-quasiparticle configuration and a new side band likely to be its chiral partner has been identified. Configurations assigned to various bands are discussed in the framework of Principal/Tilted Axis Cranking (PAC/TAC) model calculations

Rotational structures in

High-spin states in 123Cs, populated via the 100Mo ( 28Si, p4n) fusion-evaporation reaction at E lab = 130 MeV, have been investigated employing in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic techniques. Rotational bands, built on πg 7/2, πg 9/2 and the unique-parity πh 11/2 orbitals, have been extended and evolve into bands involving rotationally aligned ν(h 11/2)2 and π(h 11/2)2 quasiparticles. A three-quasiparticle band based on the high-K πh 11/2 ⊗ νg 7/2 ⊗ νh 11/2 configuration has also been observed. Total Routhian Surface (TRS) calculations have been used to predict the nuclear shape parameters ( β2, β4, γ) for the various assigned configurations. The assigned configurations have been discussed in the framework of a microscopic theory based on the deformed Hartree-Fock (HF) and angular-momentum projection techniques

Band structures in Rh-99

Excited states in the Rh-99 nucleus were populated using the fusion-evaporation reaction As-75(Si-28,2p2n) at E-lab = 120 MeV and the de-excitations were investigated through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic techniques using the INGA spectrometer consisting of 18 clover detectors. The observed band structures are discussed in the framework of tilted axis cranking shell-model calculations. Level structures at low energies are identified as resulting from the rotational bands based on the pi p(1/2) and pi g(9/2) configurations. The Delta I = 1 coupled bands are observed at higher excitation energies and have been interpreted as based on the pi g(9/2) circle times nu g(7/2) circle times nu d(5/2), pi p(1/2) circle times nu h(11/2) circle times nu d(5/2) and pi g(9/2) circle times nu h(11/2) circle times nu g(7/2) configurations. Calculations based on cranked Nilsson- Strutinsky (CNS) formalism have been performed to interpret the favoured states with I-pi = (41/2(-), 43/2(-)) and (51/2(-), 53/2(-)) as maximal spin aligned states built on the valence space nu(d(5/2)g(7/2))(15/2)(3), (17/2)(h(11/2))(11/2)(1) configuration combined with the fully-aligned pi(g(9/2))(25/2)(5) configuration and the pi(g(9/2))(15/2)(5) configuration with one anti-aligned g(9/2) proton, respectively