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Not AvailableA total of 90 animals each of both Tho-Tho and cross bred cattle were screened for the presence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in and around the locality of Nagaland during the year of 2012-13. Among strongyle parasites, recorded parasites were Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Cooperia species in both Tho-Tho cattle as well as cross bred. However, occurrence of Toxocara vitulorum and Bunostomum and Eimerian species were also recorded from calves. Among tapeworm infestation, M. benedeni was recorded in Tho-Tho and M. expansa was recorded in cross bred. As a whole, there was low level of subclinical infestation due to peculiar topography and climate of this region.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableMithun (Bos frontalis) is mostly utilized for meat purpose by the local tribal people of north eastern hilly region of India. Meat born diseases are very important issues for the people of these areas from the public health point of view. In order to realize the issues, the serological prevalence of Toxoplasmosis was carried out as per ELISA kit (CHEKIT* TOXOTEST, IDEXX Laboratory, USA) to find out Toxoplasma gondii antibody. As a whole, out of 195 animals examined, only 8 (4.10 %) animals were found to be suspected and one (0.51 %) animal was found to be positive in this precious animal of the north eastern region.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePresent study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in Mithun in different rearing conditions. The serum samples were collected from different geographical locations of Nagaland and Mizoram in free range conditions of rearing and from institute farm, serum sample were collected in semi intensive conditions. In the present study, no ova of Fasciola gigantica were recovered on faecal examination but attempts were made for studying the sero-prevalence of this parasitic infection in mithun. Seroprevalence of fasciolosis in mithun was recorded in free range conditions as well as in semi intensive conditions. Out of 156 animals tested, sera of 30 animals were found to be reactive in ELISA which yielded a percentage of 19.23%. Out of this 25.84% were recorded from free range conditions and 10.44% were recorded from semi intensive conditions. The lower prevalence in semi-intensive system may be due to the practice of regular deworming and better system of management. However, in free range condition, there is open access to metacercariae in natural grazing area of forest. The peculiar geography of north eastern hilly region and climatic conditions are mainly responsible for low prevalence of this infection in this region.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present observation was recorded at National Research Centre on Mithun, Jharnapani from May 2010 to September 2012. A total of 15 mithun calves, which died in and around Jharnapani, were attended and detailed post-mortem examination was carried out. Out of these, five calves (33.33 %) aging between 1 and 1.5 years exhibiting the condition of chronic wasting and diarrhoea were found positive for pimply gut condition based on gross and microscopic examination. Post-mortem examination revealed extensive nodule formation on the wall of the rectum; however, the entire lumen did not reveal any of adult parasites. In all the cases, there were congestion in the mucous layer and thickening of the intestinal wall. Histopathological examination revealed chronic enteritis with mononuclear cell infiltration comprising mostly of macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils. In the muscularis mucosae, encysted larvae were found along with fibrous tissue proliferation. These lesions gave the intestine a nodular appearance as they thickened the wall and projected from the serosal surface. These extensive numbers of nodules in the intestine might have interfered with peristalsis and intestinal absorption which led to chronic wasting and diarrhoea in the calves.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn investigation was carried out to study the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in the local pigs of different villages in Phek district of Nagaland. The faecal sampling was done randomly from four villages of Phek district of Nagaland and a total of 80 animals were screened to find out presence of parasites in indigenous local pigs of this region. The recorded parasites were Ascaris suum (28.75%) followed by Eimerian spp. (16.25%), Strongyloides ransomi (10.00%), Strongyles (6.25%), Trichuris suis (6.25%), and Capillaria spp. (1.25%) respectively. Among the three age groups of pigs considered, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between these groups as well as among different species of parasites. However, in comparison to sex, there was no significant difference in occurrence between male and female.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDespite reports of BVDV infection in several domestic and wild ruminants, no information exists for mithun (Bos frontalis) species. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine prevalence of BVDV infection in mithuns, which contribute significantly to local economy in the North Eastern region of India. Blood and serum samples were collected between 2013 and 2016 from mithuns (n = 466) belonging to the states of Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Serum samples were tested for BVDV antibodies by a commercial ELISA and leukocytes were tested for BVDV by real-time RT-PCR. The overall true seroprevalence rate was 13.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.9-17.8%) with higher prevalence in mithuns reared under semi-intensive system (27.5%) than in free-ranging mithuns (7.6%). Among the three states, seroprevalence (16.2%) was highest in Nagaland, while prevalence rates varied markedly among geographical locations. Age-wise data showed highest seroprevalence rate in >6-year-old animals (20.6%) than 2-6 years old (16.9%), 6 months-2 years old (8.5%), and <6-month-old animals (11.3%). The seroprevalence was higher in males (20.9%) than in females (12.1%). Among the four mithun strains, higher prevalence was evident in Manipur (30.3%) than Arunachal (21.3%), Nagaland (11.7%), and Mizoram strain (10.2%). However, no BVDV genomic RNA could be detected. The results provide first serological evidence of BVDV infection in mithun species and extend the knowledge on BVDV host range. The baseline data will help further investigations on epidemiology of BVD in mithun and its impact on mithun production.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDespite reports of BVDV infection in several domestic and wild ruminants, no information exists for mithun (Bos frontalis) species. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine prevalence of BVDV infection in mithuns, which contribute significantly to local economy in the North Eastern region of India. Blood and serum samples were collected between 2013 and 2016 from mithuns (n = 466) belonging to the states of Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Serum samples were tested for BVDV antibodies by a commercial ELISA and leukocytes were tested for BVDV by real-time RT-PCR. The overall true seroprevalence rate was 13.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.9-17.8%) with higher prevalence in mithuns reared under semi-intensive system (27.5%) than in free-ranging mithuns (7.6%). Among the three states, seroprevalence (16.2%) was highest in Nagaland, while prevalence rates varied markedly among geographical locations. Age-wise data showed highest seroprevalence rate in >6-year-old animals (20.6%) than 2-6 years old (16.9%), 6 months-2 years old (8.5%), and <6-month-old animals (11.3%). The seroprevalence was higher in males (20.9%) than in females (12.1%). Among the four mithun strains, higher prevalence was evident in Manipur (30.3%) than Arunachal (21.3%), Nagaland (11.7%), and Mizoram strain (10.2%). However, no BVDV genomic RNA could be detected. The results provide first serological evidence of BVDV infection in mithun species and extend the knowledge on BVDV host range. The baseline data will help further investigations on epidemiology of BVD in mithun and its impact on mithun production.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDespite reports of BVDV infection in several domestic and wild ruminants, no information exists for mithun (Bos frontalis) species. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine prevalence of BVDV infection in mithuns, which contribute significantly to local economy in the North Eastern region of India. Blood and serum samples were collected between 2013 and 2016 from mithuns (n = 466) belonging to the states of Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Serum samples were tested for BVDV antibodies by a commercial ELISA and leukocytes were tested for BVDV by real-time RT-PCR. The overall true seroprevalence rate was 13.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.9–17.8%) with higher prevalence in mithuns reared under semi-intensive system (27.5%) than in free-ranging mithuns (7.6%). Among the three states, seroprevalence (16.2%) was highest in Nagaland, while prevalence rates varied markedly among geographical locations. Age-wise data showed highest seroprevalence rate in >6-yearold animals (20.6%) than 2–6 years old (16.9%), 6 months– 2 years old (8.5%), and <6-month-old animals (11.3%). The seroprevalence was higher in males (20.9%) than in females (12.1%). Among the four mithun strains, higher prevalence was evident in Manipur (30.3%) than Arunachal (21.3%), Nagaland (11.7%), and Mizoram strain (10.2%). However, no BVDV genomic RNA could be detected. The results provide first serological evidence of BVDV infection in mithun species and extend the knowledge on BVDV host range. The baseline data will help further investigations on epidemiology of BVD in mithun and its impact on mithun production.Not Availabl