Gender Differences in Emotional Responses to Cooperative and Competitive Game Play

Peer reviewe

Gender differences in zygomaticus major (left panel) and orbicularis oculi (right panel) EMG activity, both associated with positive emotion, across the four conditions representing different modes of competitiveness (Experiment 2).

<p>The error bars represent standard errors.</p

Linear Mixed Models for Self-Report Dependent Variables in Experiment 2.

<p><i>Note</i>. Intercept is left out as uninformative from all models. Means 1 through 4 correspond to Cooperative, Cooperative and Competitive, Competitive, and Competitive Without Computer. Means 1 and 2 correspond to Male and Female for Gender. For Gender×Condition interactions, the rows denote Male and Female and the columns denote the Condition. Note that the figures here are from the basic models without the confounding game result as covariate. The <i>p</i>-values significant after controlling the false discovery rate are bolded.</p

Gender differences in heart rate (left panel), associated with emotional arousal, and self-reported arousal (right panel), across cooperative and competitive modes (Experiment 1).

<p>The error bars represent standard errors.</p

Experiment 1 Linear Mixed Models for Self-Report Dependent Variables.

<p><i>Note</i>. Intercept is left out as uninformative from all models. Means 1 and 2 correspond Cooperative and Competitive for Mode, and Male and Female for Gender, respectively. For Mode×Gender interactions, the rows denote Male and Female, and columns denote Cooperative and Competitive, in that order. The <i>p</i>-values significant after controlling the false discovery rate are bolded.</p

Gender differences in zygomaticus major (top left panel) and orbicularis oculi (top right) EMG activity, both associated with positive emotion, and self-reported pleasantness (bottom left) and positive affect (bottom right), across cooperative and competitive modes (Experiment 1).

<p>The error bars represent standard errors.</p

Linear Mixed Models for the Physiological Dependent Variables in Experiment 2.

<p><i>Note</i>. Intercept is left out as uninformative from all models. Means 1 through 4 correspond to Cooperative, Cooperative and Competitive, Competitive, and Competitive Without Computer. Means 1 and 2 correspond to Male and Female for Gender. For Gender×Condition interactions, the rows denote Male and Female and the columns denote the Condition. The <i>p</i>-values significant after controlling the false discovery rate are bolded.</p>a<p>Heart rate run with independent members.</p

A Genetic Algorithm for Primitive Extraction

NRC publication: Ye

Valence scaling of dynamic facial expressions is altered in high-functioning subjects with autism spectrum disorders: An fMRI study

FMRI was performed with the dynamic facial expressions fear and happiness. This was done to detect differences in valence processing between 25 subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 27 typically developing controls. Valence scaling was abnormal in ASDs. Positive valence induces lower deactivation and abnormally strong activity in ASD in multiple regions. Negative valence increased deactivation in visual areas in subjects with ASDs. The most marked differences between valences focus on fronto-insular and temporal regions. This supports the idea that subjects with ASDs may have difficulty in passive processing of the salience and mirroring of expressions. When the valence scaling of brain activity fails, in contrast to controls, these areas activate and/or deactivate inappropriately during facial stimuli presented dynamically