Plasmablastic lymphoma mimicking orbital cellulitis

Introduction Orbital cellulitis is an uncommon, potentially devastating condition that, when not promptly and adequately treated, can lead to serious sequelae. The presenting clinical signs are proptosis, swelling, ophthalmoplegia, pain and redness of the peri-orbital tissues. A number of case

Epithelial maturation and molecular biology of oral HPV

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widespread and can cause latent infection in basal cells, with low HPV DNA copy-number insufficient for transmission of infection; can cause subclinical infection that is active but without clinical signs; or can cause clinical infection leading to benign, potentially malignant or malignant lesions. The HPV cycle is influenced by the stage of maturation of the infected keratinocytes, and the production of virions is restricted to the post-mitotic suprabasal epithelial cells where all the virus genes are expressed

Insights into pathogenic events of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma and immune reconstitution syndrome related Kaposi sarcoma

A decrease in the incidence of human immune deficiency virus-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-KS) and regression of some established HIV-KS lesions is evident after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART), and is attributed to generalized immune restoration, to the reconstitution of human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 specific cellular immune responses, and to the decrease in HIV Tat protein and HHV-8 loads following HAART. However, a small subset of HIV-seropositive subjects with a low CD4+ T cell count at the time of introduction of HAART, may develop HIV-KS as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) within 8 weeks thereafter

Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and remineralization/caries arrestment strategies

While our knowledge of the dental caries process and its prevention has greatly advanced over the past fifty years, it is fair to state that the management of this disease at the level of the individual patient remains largely empirical. Recommendations for fluoride use by patients at different levels of caries risk are mainly based on the adage that more is better. There is a general understanding that the fluoride compound, concentration, frequency of use, duration of exposure, and method of delivery can influence fluoride efficacy. Two important factors are (1) the initial interaction of relatively high concentrations of fluoride with the tooth surface and plaque during application and (2) the retention of fluoride in oral fluids after application

Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Electron Energy-Loss (EELS) Spectroscopic Mapping of Microelectronic Devices

Many crucial measurements in the semiconductor industry involve determining the root cause of an electrical failure, often requiring the capability of extracting microstructural and chemical information with nanometer resolution [1]. The microanalysis is achieved by stepping the focused probe over the region of interest in STEM mode and recording an EDX and EELS spectrum at each pixel. Even for relatively modest image sizes, the resultant spectrum-image may consist of more than 10,000 spectra. With such large data sets, the prospect of manually inspecting and quantifying each spectrum in real-time is impossible and even automatic background modeling followed by peak area integration over selected spectral regions-of-interest can be excessively time consuming. Other methods to extract useful physical information include “fingerprinting” characteristic ELNES shapes to known compounds or bonding environments, multiple least squares regression to a relatively small set of suspected components or peak-fitting to model systematic changes in electronic density of states.</jats:p

Analysis of Layered Structures at High Spatial Resolution Using Energy Filtered Imaging

AbstractThe development of energy filtered imaging systems for the TEM has opened new approaches to analyzing structures with very small dimensions. One of the benefits of such systems is the ability to form an EELS spectrum image containing energy information on one axis and spatial information on the other axis. By dissecting such an image in the spatial dimension, it is possible to generate a line profile across a layered structure at high spatial dimension without the need for a small probe. We have applied this approach to two structures typical of semiconductors, the Si/SiO2/Si interfaces in a gate oxide and the Ti/SiO2 interface for Al barrier metallization, which illustrate the spatial resolution possible with this technique. To analyze the spectrum images, the element specific near edge structure (ELNES) data are processed by conventional EELS background routines and multivariate statistical techniques using MATLAB software to extract both profiles of principal bonding components and composition.</jats:p

Journal of Dentistry for Children

6385-3906