8,508 research outputs found
Complexity transitions in global algorithms for sparse linear systems over finite fields
We study the computational complexity of a very basic problem, namely that of
finding solutions to a very large set of random linear equations in a finite
Galois Field modulo q. Using tools from statistical mechanics we are able to
identify phase transitions in the structure of the solution space and to
connect them to changes in performance of a global algorithm, namely Gaussian
elimination. Crossing phase boundaries produces a dramatic increase in memory
and CPU requirements necessary to the algorithms. In turn, this causes the
saturation of the upper bounds for the running time. We illustrate the results
on the specific problem of integer factorization, which is of central interest
for deciphering messages encrypted with the RSA cryptosystem.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure
A search for magnetic fields on central stars in planetary nebulae
One of the possible mechanisms responsible for the panoply of shapes in
planetary nebulae is the presence of magnetic fields that drive the ejection of
ionized material during the proto-planetary nebula phase. Therefore, detecting
magnetic fields in such objects is of key importance for understanding their
dynamics. Still, magnetic fields have not been detected using polarimetry in
the central stars of planetary nebulae. Circularly polarized light spectra have
been obtained with the Focal Reducer and Low Dispersion Spectrograph at the
Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory and the Intermediate
dispersion Spectrograph and Imaging System at the William Herschel Telescope.
Nineteen planetary nebulae spanning very different morphology and evolutionary
stages have been selected. Most of central stars have been observed at
different rotation phases to point out evidence of magnetic variability. In
this paper, we present the result of two observational campaigns aimed to
detect and measure the magnetic field in the central stars of planetary nebulae
on the basis of low resolution spectropolarimetry. In the limit of the adopted
method, we can state that large scale fields of kG order are not hosted on the
central star of planetary nebulae.Comment: Paper accepted to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics on
20/01/201
Increasing the reliability of fully automated surveillance for central line–associated bloodstream infections
OBJECTIVETo increase reliability of the algorithm used in our fully automated electronic surveillance system by adding rules to better identify bloodstream infections secondary to other hospital-acquired infections.METHODSIntensive care unit (ICU) patients with positive blood cultures were reviewed. Central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) determinations were based on 2 sources: routine surveillance by infection preventionists, and fully automated surveillance. Discrepancies between the 2 sources were evaluated to determine root causes. Secondary infection sites were identified in most discrepant cases. New rules to identify secondary sites were added to the algorithm and applied to this ICU population and a non-ICU population. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and kappa were calculated for the new models.RESULTSOf 643 positive ICU blood cultures reviewed, 68 (10.6%) were identified as central line–associated bloodstream infections by fully automated electronic surveillance, whereas 38 (5.9%) were confirmed by routine surveillance. New rules were tested to identify organisms as central line–associated bloodstream infections if they did not meet one, or a combination of, the following: (I) matching organisms (by genus and species) cultured from any other site; (II) any organisms cultured from sterile site; (III) any organisms cultured from skin/wound; (IV) any organisms cultured from respiratory tract. The best-fit model included new rules I and II when applied to positive blood cultures in an ICU population. However, they didn’t improve performance of the algorithm when applied to positive blood cultures in a non-ICU population.CONCLUSIONElectronic surveillance system algorithms may need adjustment for specific populations.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(12):1396–1400</jats:sec
Extreme Kuiper Belt Object 2001 QG298 and the Fraction of Contact Binaries
Extensive time-resolved observations of Kuiper Belt object 2001 QG298 show a
lightcurve with a peak-to-peak variation of 1.14 +-0.04 magnitudes and
single-peaked period of 6.8872 +- 0.0002 hr. The mean absolute magnitude is
6.85 magnitudes which corresponds to a mean effective radius of 122 (77) km if
an albedo of 0.04 (0.10) is assumed. This is the first known Kuiper Belt object
and only the third minor planet with a radius > 25 km to display a lightcurve
with a range in excess of 1 magnitude. We find the colors to be typical for a
Kuiper Belt object (B-V = 1.00 +- 0.04, V-R = 0.60 +- 0.02) with no variation
in color between minimum and maximum light. The large light variation,
relatively long double-peaked period and absence of rotational color change
argue against explanations due to albedo markings or elongation due to high
angular momentum. Instead, we suggest that 2001 QG298 may be a very close or
contact binary similar in structure to what has been independently proposed for
the Trojan asteroid 624 Hektor. If so, its rotational period would be twice the
lightcurve period or 13.7744 +- 0.0004 hr. By correcting for the effects of
projection, we estimate that the fraction of similar objects in the Kuiper Belt
is at least 10% to 20% with the true fraction probably much higher. A high
abundance of close and contact binaries is expected in some scenarios for the
evolution of binary Kuiper Belt objects.Comment: 15 text pages,6 figures(Color),5 Tables, Accepted to AJ for May 200
Modelling the incomplete Paschen-Back effect in the spectra of magnetic Ap stars
We present first results of a systematic investigation of the incomplete
Paschen-Back effect in magnetic Ap stars. A short overview of the theory is
followed by a demonstration of how level splittings and component strengths
change with magnetic field strength for some lines of special astrophysical
interest. Requirements are set out for a code which allows the calculation of
full Stokes spectra in the Paschen-Back regime and the behaviour of Stokes I
and V profiles of transitions in the multiplet 74 of FeII is discussed in some
detail. It is shown that the incomplete Paschen-Back effect can lead to
noticeable line shifts which strongly depend on total multiplet strength,
magnetic field strength and field direction. Ghost components (which violate
the normal selection rule on J) show up in strong magnetic fields but are
probably unobservable. Finally it is shown that measurements of the integrated
magnetic field modulus are not adversely affected by the Paschen-Back
effect, and that there is a potential problem in (magnetic) Doppler mapping if
lines in the Paschen-Back regime are treated in the Zeeman approximation.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, to appear in MNRA
The ultracool dwarf DENIS-P J104814.7-395606. Chromospheres and coronae at the low-mass end of the main-sequence
We have obtained an XMM-Newton observation and a broad-band spectrum from the
ultraviolet to the near infrared with X-Shooter for one of the nearest M9
dwarfs, DENIS-P J1048-3956 (4pc). We integrate these data by a compilation of
activity parameters for ultracool dwarfs from the literature with the aim to
advance our understanding of these objects by comparing them to early-M type
dwarf stars and the Sun.
Our deep XMM-Newton observation has led to the first X-ray detection of
DENIS-P J1048-3956 (log Lx = 25.1) as well as the first measurement of its V
band brightness (V = 17.35mag). Flux-flux relations between X-ray and
chromospheric activity indicators are here for the first time extended into the
regime of the ultracool dwarfs. The approximate agreement of DENIS-P J1048-3956
and other ultracool dwarfs with flux-flux relations for early-M dwarfs suggests
that the same heating mechanisms work in the atmospheres of ultracool dwarfs,
albeit weaker as judged from their lower fluxes. The observed Balmer decrements
of DENIS-P J1048-3956 are compatible with optically thick plasma in LTE at low,
nearly photospheric temperature or optically thin LTE plasma at 20000K.
Describing the decrements with CaseB recombination requires different emitting
regions for Halpha and the higher Balmer lines. The high observed Halpha/Hbeta
flux ratio is also poorly fitted by the optically thin models. We derive a
similarly high value for the Halpha/Hbeta ratio of vB10 and LHS2065 and
conclude that this may be a characteristic of ultracool dwarfs. We add DENIS-P
J1048-3956 to the list of ultracool dwarfs detected in both the radio and the
X-ray band. The Benz-Guedel relation between radio and X-ray luminosity of
late-type stars is well-known to be violated by ultracool dwarfs. We speculate
on the presence of two types of ultracool dwarfs with distinct radio and X-ray
behavior.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic
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