La politique de Réparation dans le contexte de la mondialisation

La Réparation désigne le besoin de corriger le mal fait aux Africains et aux personnes d’origine africaine par la traite des esclaves, la colonisation et la néo-colonisation pour leur permettre d’être plus compétitifs dans le contexte mondial, de renverser leur longue histoire de sous-développement et de reprendre le train du développement. C’est ce qui a été fait pour l’abolition de la traite des esclaves, pour leur émancipation puis, plus tard, pour le Mouvement pour les droits civils et pour le programme d’affirmative action dans le but de corriger les lourdes injustices qui pesaient contre les Africains. Le problème est de faire accepter cet argument par les racistes qui soutiennent que ce n’est pas la traite des esclaves qui a produit le racisme, mais que la traite des esclaves était due au caractère profondément arriéré des Africains. Dans une loi de mai 2001, le parlement français a reconnu la traite négrière comme crime contre l’humanité et a fait en sorte qu’elle soit enseignée dans les écoles et dans les universités. Pourtant, lors de la Conférence mondiale de Durban contre le racisme, boycottée par les États-Unis, la délégation française ne s’est pas jointe à ceux qui demandaient que la traite des esclaves et le colonialisme soient reconnus comme un crime contre l’humanité et comme un péché.The Politics of Reparation in the Context of Globalisation.– Reparation refers to the need to repair the damage done to Africans and people of African descent by the slave trade, colonization and neo-colonization so that they could compete more effectively in the global context, reverse the prolonged history of underdevelopment and rejoin the train of development in the world. It is the same as was made for abolition of the slave trade and emancipation of slaves, and repeated in the Civil Rights Movement, and for affirmative action to redress the balance of injustice that weighed so heavily against Africans. The problem is to have the case more widely acknowledged by the racists who argue that it was not the slave trade that bred racism in which it was assumed that Africans were less than human, but that the slave trade was due to the inherent backwardness of Africans. In Law No. 119 of May 2001, the French Parliament recognized that the slave trade was a crime against humanity and should be given adequate attention in the curriculum of schools and colleges. Yet at the World Congress against Racism, which was boycotted by the US, the French delegation did not join those arguing that the racism of the slave trade and colonialism be recognized as a crime against humanity and a sin

Time-resolved energy transfer from single chloride terminated nanocrystals to graphene

We examine the time-resolved resonance energy transfer of excitons from single n-butyl amine-bound, chloride-terminated nanocrystals to two-dimensional graphene through time-correlated single photon counting. The radiative biexponential lifetime kinetics and blinking statistics of the individual surface-modified nanocrystal elucidate the non-radiative decay channels. Blinking modification as well as a 4 times reduction in spontaneous emission were observed with the short chloride and n-butylamine ligands, probing the energy transfer pathways for the development of graphene-nanocrystal nanophotonic devices

Factors Responsible for Poor Visual Outcome Following Emergency Eye Surgery in a Tertiary Eye Centre

BACKGROUND: Ocular emergencies can cause permanent vision loss if they are not recognized and treated promptly. This study was carried out to identify the factors responsible for poor visual outcome following emergency eye surgeries.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on all patients who had surgical emergency eye procedures. Clinic and theatre records of all eligible patients were retrieved. Demographic characteristics, duration of symptoms, laterality, presenting visual acuity, documentary pictures, classfication of eye injury, duration of days before surgery, surgical procedures performed and six weeks post-operative visual acuity were obtained from the records. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four patients had emergency eye surgical procedures constituting 16.3% of all ocular emergencies. There were 145(74.7%) males and 49 (25.3%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The proportion of students, 48(67.6%), that presented within 24 hours of injury was the highest while the civil servants, 8(17.8%), had the lowest proportion. Corneo-scleral repair topped the list of surgeries and was the commonest, 106(54.6%), procedure carried out the same day of presentation. A 3rd of the patients, 28(34.1%), who presented within 24 hours had normal vision 6 weeks post-operatively while over 4/5th of the patients who presented after 24 hours were blind six weeks post-operatively.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of eye emergency surgical procedures was high with over 4/5th of these patients becoming blind six weeks post-operatively. Some of the factors responsible for poor visual outcome were delayed presentation, pre-operative visual acuity and delayed surgical intervention.

Comparative Analysis of Zeolite Y From Nigerian Clay and Standard Grade

Zeolite Y catalyst with silica/alumina mola•· ntio of 4.70 was synthesized from Elefun (Nigel"ia) clay unde•· hydwthe•·mal tJ·eatment of calcined kaolin with aqueous NaOH at atmosphel"ic p•·essm·e. This pape•· descl"ibed the p•·epantion of zeolite Y catalyst fmm metakaolin of quality Elefun kaolin by ageing at 34oC fo•· 7days, and then n·ystallized at lOOoC fm· 24 hom·s. The synthesized zeolite NaY was modified by exchanging with NH4Cl to obtain its hydwgen fo•·m with silica/alumina ntio of 3.18. Both developed and standa1·d zeolite Y catalyst we1·e then chanctel"ized by a val"iety of physicochemical methods, including XRD, XRF spectwscope. The mm·phologies we1·e examined using SEM. Similar results we1·e obtained, thus confi•·ming the synthesis of zeolite Y

Effect of phases of the menstrual cycle on biophysical and biochemical parameters of African black women with breast cancer

INTRODUCTION: Many studies on female breast cancer patients do not consider the differences between the follicular and luteal phases when collecting blood samples for laboratory investigations. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of the phases of the menstrual cycle on reproductive and thyroid hormones, endocrine disruptors, blood pressure, and body adiposity. METHODS: Participants (n=107) aged 28-50 years, comprising 54 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (cases were menstrual phase and age-matched to 53 seemingly healthy women without breast cancer that served as controls. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) were obtained. Serum hormones-estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), stimulating follicle hormone (FSH), and free thyroxine (FT4) were quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Endocrine disruptors (EDs)- arsenic, lead and cadmium were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient with p<0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Bodyweight, hip circumference, waist-height ratio, and FT3 varied between the luteal and follicular phases, higher in cases than controls. EDs were significantly higher in cases than controls in both phases. Progesterone, estradiol and LH levels were significantly higher in luteal cases and controls when compared with follicular cases and controls.FT3 was significantly lower in luteal controls compared with follicular controls. There were significant direct and inverse correlations among adiposity measures, BP, EDs, and hormones in each phase in both cases and controls. CONCLUSION: The menstrual cycle appears to influence blood pressure, measures of adiposity, endocrine disruptors, and reproductive hormones in women with normal and cancerous breasts. This requires consideration in the collection of blood samples for investigations of these parameters

An assessment of the Health and Social Economic implications of satchet water in Ibadan Nigeria: A Public Health challenge

The inadequacy of pipe borne water in Ibadan Metropolis is almost endemic. This inadequacy is both in quantity and quality of the public water supply. As an alternative to the water supply, small scale industrial concerns came up with ‘PURE WATER’: 0.5Litre water in nylon sachets, which are electrically heated, sealed at both ends and widely patronized by both low and middle class Nigerians. The objective of the study was to find out the quality of such pure water. Stratified, simple random sampling procedures were used to select 78 samples from 20 brands of sachet water from important hawkers/vendors. The samples were subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis. For chemical analysis, Hanna’s 100 spectrophotometer plus chemical reagents were used. The water samples were assessed for coliform and other intestinal bacteria using MKC cowkery broth (MM) and Brilliant Green Bile Broth (BGBB). Multiple tube method was employed. The result showed that the physical parameters were within W.H.O limits for drinking water quality guidelines except for pH which ranged from 6.6 - 9.7. Some chemical parameters were also within the W.H.O guideline values. However; aluminum which concentration ranged from 0.00 — 0.34 mg/l, fluoride concentration ranged from 0.01 — 1.87 mg/I and cyanide concentration ranged from 0.000 — 0175 were not. Bacteriological analysis, showed that five (5) or 6.4% of the samples tested fielded bacterial growth. Bacteria produced included: Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enforcement of the regulation guiding water quality before the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) to comply with the drinking water qualities guideline values as recommended by W.H.O, becomes urgent

Comparative Study of Microwave-assisted and Conventional Synthesis of 3-[1-(s-phenylimino) Ethyl]-2H-chromen-2-ones and Selected Hydrazone Derivatives

In this study, 3-acetylcoumarin 1, used as the essential precursor was synthesized by the reaction of salicyaldehyde with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of a catalytic amount of piperidine in solvent-free medium. Schiff bases 2-9 were obtained by the condensation reaction of 3-acetylcoumarin, 1 with various aniline derivatives while reaction of 3-hydrazinoquinoxalin-2-one with four different 6-susbtituted 3-acetylcoumarins afforded the corresponding hydrazones 10-13. Both Schiff bases and hydrazone products were synthesized under microwave irradiation method and conventional synthetic strategy for comparative study. The microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave both Schiff bases and hydrazones in higher yields at shorter reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The characterization of the synthesized compounds were structurally confirmed by analytical data as well as spectroscopic means which involved 1H-and 13C-nmr, ir, UV-visible and mass spectra

The dispersion of spherical droplets in source–sink flows and their relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of spherical droplets in the presence of a source-sink pair flow field. The dynamics of the droplets is governed by the Maxey-Riley equation with Basset-Boussinesq history term neglected. We find that, in the absence of gravity, there are two distinct behaviours for the droplets: small droplets cannot go further than a specific distance, which we determine analytically, from the source before getting pulled into the sink. Larger droplets can travel further from the source before getting pulled into the sink by virtue of their larger inertia, and their maximum travelled distance is determined analytically. We investigate the effects of gravity, and we find that there are three distinct droplet behaviours categorised by their relative sizes: small, intermediate-sized, and large. Counterintuitively, we find that the droplets with minimum horizontal range are neither small nor large, but of intermediate size. Furthermore, we show that in conditions of regular human respiration, these intermediate-sized droplets range in size from a few $\mu$m to a few hundred $\mu$m. The result that such droplets have a very short range could have important implications for the interpretation of existing data on droplet dispersion.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Effect of some nitrogen sources of growth medium on

Penicillium solitum and Aspergillus rubrum isolated from deteriorated yam (Dioscorea alata) using potato dextrose agar grew and sporulated at 25oC. They expresse

Antimicrobial and Thermal Properties of Coating Systems Modified with ZnO Nanoparticle and its Hybrid Forms: (A Review)

This review examines the unparalleled chemical and physical properties of ZnO nanoparticles and its hybrid forms. The influence of these multifunctional materials within the polymeric matrix of organic coatings was discussed. The scanning electron microscope is seen to provide relevant information about the dispersion of the hybrid and composite coating systems. This review provides concise information about the antimicrobial and thermal stability of composites