Sacral nerve modulation for fecal incontinence

Sacral nerve stimulation is an innovative, mininvasive approach to fecal incontinence and other pelvic floor dysfunctions based on the delivery of electrical stimuli to the pelvic nerves through an electrode percutaneously positioned through the sacral foramen (usually S3) and connected to an implantable pulse generator. This technique has the unique advantages to affect continence without performing operations on the anal sphincter and to have the possibility to pretesting the outcome of the definitive implant with a low-cost temporary stimulation. Its reliability and effectiveness is nowadays recognized by the FDA [1], by the NICE [2], and by the main Coloproctological scientific societies (ASCRS, ESCP, ICS) and systematic reviews [3]