86,690 research outputs found
X-ray Emission from the Radio Jet in 3C 120
We report the discovery of X-ray emission from a radio knot at a projected
distance of 25" from the nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy, 3C 120. The data were
obtained with the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI). Optical upper limits for
the knot preclude a simple power law extension of the radio spectrum and we
calculate some of the physical parameters for thermal bremsstrahlung and
synchrotron self-Compton models. We conclude that no simple model is consistent
with the data but if the knot contains small regions with flat spectra, these
could produce the observed X-rays (via synchrotron emission) without being
detected at other wavebands.Comment: 6 pages latex plus 3 ps/eps figures. Uses 10pt.sty and
emulateapj.sty. Accepted for publication in the ApJ (6 Jan 99
A design procedure for the weight optimization of straight finned radiators
Design technique evaluates optimum weight of space radiator consisting of finned, right circular cylinder
Fourier's law on a one-dimensional optical random lattice
We study the transport properties of a one-dimensional hard-core bosonic
lattice gas coupled to two particle reservoirs at different chemical potentials
which generate a current flow through the system. In particular, the influence
of random fluctuations of the underlying lattice on the stationary-state
properties is investigated. We show analytically that the steady-state density
presents a linear profile. The local steady-state current obeys the Fourier law
where is a typical timescale of the lattice
fluctuations and the density gradient imposed by the reservoirs.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Computer program for solving laminar, transitional, or turbulent compressible boundary-layer equations for two-dimensional and axisymmetric flow
A numerical algorithm and computer program are presented for solving the laminar, transitional, or turbulent two dimensional or axisymmetric compressible boundary-layer equations for perfect-gas flows. The governing equations are solved by an iterative three-point implicit finite-difference procedure. The software, program VGBLP, is a modification of the approach presented in NASA TR R-368 and NASA TM X-2458, respectively. The major modifications are: (1) replacement of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration technique with a finite-difference procedure for numerically solving the equations required to initiate the parabolic marching procedure; (2) introduction of the Blottner variable-grid scheme; (3) implementation of an iteration scheme allowing the coupled system of equations to be converged to a specified accuracy level; and (4) inclusion of an iteration scheme for variable-entropy calculations. These modifications to the approach presented in NASA TR R-368 and NASA TM X-2458 yield a software package with high computational efficiency and flexibility. Turbulence-closure options include either two-layer eddy-viscosity or mixing-length models. Eddy conductivity is modeled as a function of eddy viscosity through a static turbulent Prandtl number formulation. Several options are provided for specifying the static turbulent Prandtl number. The transitional boundary layer is treated through a streamwise intermittency function which modifies the turbulence-closure model. This model is based on the probability distribution of turbulent spots and ranges from zero to unity for laminar and turbulent flow, respectively. Several test cases are presented as guides for potential users of the software
Standard spacecraft economic analysis. Volume 1: Executive summary
A study of the comparative program costs associated with use of various standardized spacecraft for Air Force space test program missions to be flown on the space shuttle during the 1980-1990 time period is reviewed. The first phase of the study considered a variety of procurement mixes composed of existing or programmed NASA standard spacecraft designs and a Air Force standard spacecraft design. The results were briefed to a joint NASA/Air Force audience on July 11, 1976. The second phase considered additional procurement options using an upgraded version of an existing NASA design. The results of both phases are summarized
Single pilot IFR accident data analysis
The aircraft accident data recorded and maintained by the National Transportation Safety Board for 1964 to 1979 were analyzed to determine what problems exist in the general aviation single pilot instrument flight rules environment. A previous study conducted in 1978 for the years 1964 to 1975 provided a basis for comparison. The purpose was to determine what changes, if any, have occurred in trends and cause-effect relationships reported in the earlier study. The increasing numbers have been tied to measures of activity to produce accident rates which in turn were analyzed in terms of change. Where anomalies or unusually high accident rates were encountered, further analysis was conducted to isolate pertinent patterns of cause factors and/or experience levels of involved pilots. The bulk of the effort addresses accidents in the landing phase of operations. A detailed analysis was performed on controlled/uncontrolled collisions and their unique attributes delineated. Estimates of day vs. night general aviation activity and accident rates were obtained
X-ray variability in M87
We present the evidence for X-ray variability from the core and from knot A
in the M87 jet based on data from two observations with the Einstein
Observatory High Resolution Imager (HRI) and three observations with the ROSAT
HRI. The core intensity showed a 16% increase in 17 months ('79-'80); a 12%
increase in the 3 years '92 to '95; and a 17% drop in the last half of 1995.
The intensity of knot A appears to have decreased by 16% between 92Jun and
95Dec. Although the core variability is consistent with general expectations
for AGN nuclei, the changes in knot A provide constraints on the x-ray emission
process and geometry. Thus we predict that the x-ray morphology of knot A will
differ significantly from the radio and optical structure.Comment: 9 pages latex plus 6 ps figs. To appear in Monthly Notices of the RA
Spatial Corrections of ROSAT HRI Observations
X-ray observations with the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI) often have
spatial smearing on the order of 10 arcsec (Morse 1994). This degradation of
the intrinsic resolution of the instrument (5 arcsec) can be attributed to
errors in the aspect solution associated with the wobble of the space craft or
with the reacquisition of the guide stars. We have developed a set of IRAF/PROS
and MIDAS/EXSAS routines to minimize these effects. Our procedure attempts to
isolate aspect errors that are repeated through each cycle of the wobble. The
method assigns a 'wobble phase' to each event based on the 402 second period of
the ROSAT wobble. The observation is grouped into a number of phase bins and a
centroid is calculated for each sub-image. The corrected HRI event list is
reconstructed by adding the sub-images which have been shifted to a common
source position. This method has shown approx. 30% reduction of the full width
half maximum (FWHM) of an X-ray observation of the radio galaxy 3C 120.
Additional examples are presented.Comment: AandA latex (6 pages with 7 embedded postscript figures). Scheduled
for publication in the 1 Dec issue of Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Serie
Tools made of ice facilitate forming of soft, sticky materials
Tools made of ice facilitate the forming or shaping of materials that are soft and sticky in the uncured state. The low-temperature of the ice slows the curing of the material, extending the working time available before setup. Handling problems are eliminated because the material does not adhere to the tool, and the melting ice serves as a lubricant
Phase 2 and 3 wind tunnel tests of the J-97 powered, external augmentor V/STOL model
Static and forward speed tests were made in a 40 multiplied by 80 foot wind tunnel of a large-scale, ejector-powered V/STOL aircraft model. Modifications were made to the model following earlier tests primarily to improve longitudinal acceleration capability during transition from hovering to wingborne flight. A rearward deflection of the fuselage augmentor thrust vector was shown to be beneficial in this regard. Other augmentor modifications were tested, notably the removal of both endplates, which improved acceleration performance at the higher transition speeds. The model tests again demonstrated minimal interference of the fuselage augmentor on aerodynamic lift. A flapped canard surface also showed negligible influence on the performance of the wing and of the fuselage augmentor
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