Knowledge and management of molar-incisor hypomineralisation amongst dentists in The Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a frequently encountered dental condition in the clinical setting, and correct diagnosis can influence management outcomes.AIM: To assess the knowledge of and attitudes towards the management of MIH amongst dentists in the Netherlands.DESIGN: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional web survey. The questionnaire used included questions regarding respondent characteristics, awareness, knowledge and management of MIH and was distributed through the Royal Dutch Association for Dentistry (KNMT) to a random sample of 900 dentists. Variables were analysed using descriptive statistics, and differences between distinct groups of dentists were tested using the chi-squared test.RESULTS: Respondents consisted of 76.6% general dental practitioners, 9.1% paediatric dentists and 14.3% differentiated (specialist) dentists, with a 25.6% overall response rate. The majority knew the term MIH and its clinical characteristics, and could distinguish MIH from other enamel defects. Regarding aetiological factors, 76.6% reported a genetic component. In an asymptomatic case, 47.3% reported non-invasive treatments. In a mild symptomatic case, treatments from non-invasive to invasive were reported (p &lt; .05). In a severe symptomatic case, the majority reported invasive treatments. Two-thirds of respondents were interested in further clinical training about MIH.CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents knew the term MIH and its clinical characteristics and would like further clinical training about MIH.</p

SEMI-ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE HEAT CONDUCTION IN A PLATE WITH HEAT GENERATION

In the present work, a formulation for the solution of the two-dimensional steady state heat conduction with heat generation is presented. The classical integral transform technique (CITT) is used to solve the problem in a semi- analytical manner. CITT deals with expansions of the sought solution in terms of infinite orthogonal basis of eigenfunctions, keeping the solution process always within a continuous domain. For the particular problem, the resulting system is composed of a set of uncoupled differential equations which can be solved analytically. However, a truncation error is involved since the infinite series must be truncated to obtain numerical results. For comparison and validation purposes, the second order central finite difference method (FDM) is also implemented. The convergence analysis showed that CITT has a greater performance having no difficulties to obtain accurate results with very few terms in the solution summation. The FDM had convergence troubles specially for the positions near the center and for high concentration of heat generation in the center of the plate

Pulsed ultrasound therapy accelerates the recovery of skeletal muscle damage induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom

We studied the effect of pulsed ultrasound therapy (UST) and antibothropic polyvalent antivenom (PAV) on the regeneration of mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle following damage by Bothrops jararacussu venom. Animals (Swiss male and female mice weighing 25.0 ± 5.0 g; 5 animals per group) received a perimuscular injection of venom (1 mg/kg) and treatment with UST was started 1 h later (1 min/day, 3 MHz, 0.3 W/cm(2), pulsed mode). Three and 28 days after injection, muscles were dissected and processed for light microscopy. The venom caused complete degeneration of muscle fibers. UST alone and combined with PAV (1.0 mL/kg) partially protected these fibers, whereas muscles receiving no treatment showed disorganized fascicules and fibers with reduced diameter. Treatment with UST and PAV decreased the effects of the venom on creatine kinase content and motor activity (approximately 75 and 48%, respectively). Sonication of the venom solution immediately before application decreased the in vivo and ex vivo myotoxic activities (approximately 60 and 50%, respectively). The present data show that UST counteracts some effects of B. jararacussu venom, causing structural and functional improvement of the regenerated muscle after venom injury

Reconhecimento antecipado de problemas ortográficos em escreventes novatos: quando e como acontecem

A aprendizagem da ortográfica constitui um processo complexo, envolvendo questões lexicais e gramaticais. Muitos estudos sobre essa aprendizagem tratam os problemas ortográficos de modo independente e separado da produção textual. Neste estudo defendemos a importância de se analisar a aprendizagem da ortografia a partir da perspectiva proposta pela Genética Textual, colocando em destaque a gênese do processo de escritura e criação textual. Apresentamos o Sistema Ramos, metodologia de investigação que registra o processo de escritura em tempo e espaço real da sala de aula. Esse Sistema oferece informações multimodais (fala, escrita, gestualidade) sobre o que alunos, em duplas, reconhecem como problemas ortográficos (PO) e os comentários espontâneos feitos quando estão escrevendo o texto. Este estudo analisa justamente o momento em que aconteceram esses reconhecimentos e os comentários de duas alunas no 2º ano de escolaridade, durante a produção de seis histórias inventadas. Mais do que uma análise quantitativa dos tipos de PO identificados no produto, apresentamos uma análise enunciativa e microgenética de reconhecimentos de PO e seus comentários, particularmente aqueles PO antecipados pelas escreventes. Os resultados indicam: i. Reconhecimentos ensejam comentários nem sempre relacionados ao PO identificado; ii. Reconhecimentos e comentários estão relacionados aos conteúdos ortográficos ensinados em sala de aula; iii. Alguns PO reconhecidos envolvem a articulação de diferentes níveis linguísticos. Esses aspectos podem contribuir para a compreensão da aprendizagem da ortografia em situações didáticas propiciadas pela escrita colaborativa a dois.The acquisition of spelling competence is a complex process, involving lexical and grammatical questions. Research, however, almost always places the spelling from an autonomous point of view and disconnected from the other components of writing. In this text, we present the relevance of the Ramos System that captures students in an ecological situation of text production in pairs, allowing access to the processes for solving orthographic problems. Collaborative writing also grants access to comments made by students during the process of textual linearization. Our study focuses on the recognition of spelling problems (SP) and the comments made regarding such problems by two 2nd grade students during the production of six invented stories. More than a quantitative analysis of the types of SP identified in the product, we were interested in making a qualitative and fine analysis of oral recognitions of SP, particularly those SP anticipated by the writers. Our results indicate that: i. Recognition motivates comments that are not always related to the identified SP; ii. Recognition and comments are related to the orthographic contents taught in the classroom; iii. Some of the recognized SP involve the articulation between different linguistic levels. These aspects can contribute for the comprehension of orthographic learning in didactic situations provided by collaborative writing.publishe

Interannual variability of primary production and dissolved organic nitrogen storage in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): G03019, doi:10.1029/2011JG001830.The upper ocean primary production measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre showed substantial variability over the last two decades. The annual average primary production varied within a limited range over 1991–1998, significantly increased in 1999–2000 and then gradually decreased afterwards. This variability was investigated using a one-dimensional ecosystem model. The long-term HOT observations were used to constrain the model by prescribing physical forcings and lower boundary conditions and optimizing the model parameters against data using data assimilation. The model reproduced the general interannual pattern in the observed primary production, and mesoscale variability in vertical velocity was identified as a major contributing factor to the interannual variability in the simulation. Several strong upwelling events occurred in 1999, which brought up nitrate at rates several times higher than other years and elevated the model primary production. Our model results suggested a hypothesis for the observed interannual variability pattern of primary production at Station ALOHA: Part of the upwelled nitrate input in 1999 was converted to and accumulated as semilabile dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and subsequent recycling of this semilabile DON supported enhanced primary productivity for the next several years as the semilabile DON perturbation was gradually removed via export.This work was supported in part by the Center for Microbial Oceanography, Research and Education (C-MORE) (NSF EF-0424599), Hawaii Ocean Time series program (NSF OCE09–26766), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Marine Biological Laboratory.2013-03-1

Bio-optical footprints created by mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 38 (2011): L13608, doi:10.1029/2011GL047660.We investigate the bio-optical footprints made by mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea and the processes that create them through an eddy-centric approach. Many (>10,000) eddies are identified and followed in time using satellite altimetry observations and the spatial ocean color patterns surrounding each eddy are assessed. We find through a sequence of statistical hypothesis tests that not one but several mechanisms (i.e., eddy pumping, eddy advection and eddy-Ekman pumping) are responsible for the spatial-temporal ocean color patterns following individual eddies. Both eddy pumping and the eddy-Ekman pumping mechanisms alter subsurface nutrient distributions thereby driving biogeochemical cycles, while the eddy advection mechanism to first order stirs existing horizontal gradients in bio-optical properties. This work illustrates both the promise and some of the limitations of satellite observations for assessing the biogeochemical impacts of mesoscale eddies.We would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation and NASA

Suscetibilidade de Urochloa ruziziensis ao herbicida Kifix em pré-emergência.

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o efeito em pré-emergência do herbicida Kifix® sobre o desenvolvimento inicial da Urochloa ruziziensis implantada em diferentes épocas