Building Stronger Nonprofits Through Better Financial Management, Executive Summary

This executive summary presents a summary of early lessons from The Wallace Foundation's four-year Strengthening Financial Management in Out-of-School Time initiative (SFM). SFM was designed to improve the financial management systems of 26 well-respected Chicago nonprofits that provide out-of-school-time services

Building Stronger Nonprofits Through Better Financial Management

The Wallace Foundation's four-year Strengthening Financial Management in Out-of-School Time initiative(SFM) was designed to improve the financial management systems of 26 well-respected Chicago nonprofits that provide out-of-school-time (OST) services. SFM grew out of the Foundation's longstanding commitment to improving the quality of services for youth during nonschool hours and the realization that even successful nonprofits face financial management challenges that have an impact on their ability to achieve their missions. To address these challenges, the initiative is working to reform public and private funding practices that strain OST organizations' financial management capacity and providing participating organizations with financial management training and peer networking opportunities (using one of two models that vary in intensity and in the balance of individual vs. group-based training and support)

Temperature Effects on Development of Three Cereal Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Temperature is an important climatological variable that influences the biology and ecology of insects. Poor climatic adaptation can limit the effectiveness of parasitic insects in biological control. Two exotic parasites (Syrian Diaeretiella rapae (M\u27Intosh) and Argentinean Aphidius colemani Viereck) imported for biological control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and one native parasite (Diaeretiella rapae) were reared in growth chambers in three fluctuating temperature regimes with average daily temperatures of 12, 18, and 24°C. Estimates of temperature thresholds for immature development were 3.3, 3.5, and 2.8°C, for Oklahoman D. rapae, Syrian D. rapae, and A. colemani, respectively. Estimates of thermal require- ments for development from egg to adult were 297, 278, and 301 degree-days for the three parasitoids. Dry weights of adults reared in different fluctuating temperature regimes did not differ significantly among sexes, but adults from regimes with low average temperatures of 12 and 18°C had significantly greater weights than those reared in a regime with an average temperature of 24°C. Results suggest that developmental response to temperature will not limit the effectiveness of the exotic parasites in biological control

Parasitism, Adult Emergence, Sex Ratio, and Size of \u3ci\u3eAphidius Colemani\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on Several Aphid Species

Aphidius colemani Viereck parasitizes several economically important aphid pests of small grain crops including the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum and the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia. The ability of A. colemani to switch from S. graminum to several species of aphids common to agricultural and associated non-agricultural ecosystems in the Great Plains, and the effects of host-change on several biological parameters that influence population growth rate were determined. Female A. colemani parasitized and developed to adulthood in nine of 14 aphid species to which they were exposed in the laboratory. All small grain feeding aphids except Sipha flava were parasi­tized. Two sunflower feeding species (Aphis nerii and A. helianthi) and two crucifer feeding species (Lipaphis erysimi and Brevicoryne brassicae) were parasitized, as was the cotton aphid. Aphis gossypii. The average percentage of aphids parasitized differed significantly among host aphid species. as did the percentage of parasitoids surviving from the mummy to the adult stage and the time required for immature development. The sex ratio of adults that enclosed from the various hosts did not differ significantly among species. Dry weights of adult parasitoids differed significantly among host species. Adults from S. graminum weighed most (0.054 mg) while those emerging from A. helianthi weighed least (0.020 mg). Results are discussed in terms of strategies for classical biological control of aphid pests of cereals

Control of Glycolytic Flux by AMPK and p53-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells Adapted to Grow at Low pH

Introduction: Tumor cells grow in nutrient and oxygen deprived microenvironments and adapt to the suboptimal growth conditions by altering metabolic pathways. This adaptation process characteristically results in a tumor phenotype that displays anaerobic glycolysis, chronic acidification and aggressive tumor characteristics. Understanding the tumor cell reaction to the microenvironment is a critical factor in predicting the tumor response to hyperthermia. The glucose regulatory molecule, 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase Isoform-3 (PFKFB3), is a bifunctional enzyme central to glycolytic flux and downstream of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been shown to activate an isoform of Phosphofructokinase (PFK-2). Society for Thermal Medicine Annual Meeting April 23-26, Clearwater Beach, FL

Control of Glycolytic Flux by AMPK and p53-mediated Signaling Pathways in Tumor Cells Grown at Low pH

Introduction: Tumor cells grow in nutrient and oxygen deprived microenvironments and adapt to the suboptimal growth conditions by altering metabolic pathways. This adaptation process characteristically results in a tumor phenotype that displays upregulated Hif-1α anaerobic glycolysis, chronic acidification, reduced rate of overall protein synthesis, lower rate of cell proliferation and aggressive invasive characteristics. Most transplantable tumors exhibit a pHe of 6.7- 7.0; the DB-1 melanoma xenografts used here have a pHe=6.7. Understanding tumor cell reaction to the microenvironment is a critical factor in predicting the tumor response to radiotherapy. The glucose regulatory molecule, 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6- Biphosphatase Isoform-3 (PFKFB3), is a bifunctional enzyme central to glycolytic flux and downstream of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which we show activates an isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFK-2). Radiation Research Society (RRS) 8th Annual Meeting September 25-29, Maui, H