Caracterización molecular de la abeja melífera utilizada en las diferentes regiones productoras de la provincia de Buenos Aires

Fil: Abrahamovich, Alberto H.. División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, ArgentinaFil: Atela, Osvaldo. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Cabaña Apiario Pedro J. Bover, ArgentinaFil: Galián, J.. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia, EspañaFil: De la Rúa, Pilar. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia, Españ

Discrete Breathers in a Realistic Coarse-Grained Model of Proteins

We report the results of molecular dynamics simulations of an off-lattice protein model featuring a physical force-field and amino-acid sequence. We show that localized modes of nonlinear origin (discrete breathers) emerge naturally as continuations of a subset of high-frequency normal modes residing at specific sites dictated by the native fold. In the case of the small $\beta$-barrel structure that we consider, localization occurs on the turns connecting the strands. At high energies, discrete breathers stabilize the structure by concentrating energy on few sites, while their collapse marks the onset of large-amplitude fluctuations of the protein. Furthermore, we show how breathers develop as energy-accumulating centres following perturbations even at distant locations, thus mediating efficient and irreversible energy transfers. Remarkably, due to the presence of angular potentials, the breather induces a local static distortion of the native fold. Altogether, the combination of this two nonlinear effects may provide a ready means for remotely controlling local conformational changes in proteins.Comment: Submitted to Physical Biolog

how much more and how much better?

Funding Information: We thank two autonomous reviewers and the team of Climate Policy editors for their excellent comments and suggestions. We are thankful for the financial support of the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) for this research. The research was done independently, BMZ had no role in the preparation, analysis or writing of this article or its outcomes. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Formal deliberations for the new collective quantified goal on climate finance began at COP26 in Glasgow. This Perspectives article aims to inform this process by discussing the potential size and nature of is post-2025 target. We argue that the climate finance system around the current target to mobilise US$100 billion per year to support developing countries has been fraught with difficulties, and that it would be ineffective to simply increase the climate finance target without addressing these difficulties. Therefore, we identify and discuss five priority elements for negotiations: the relation to Article 2.1(c) of the Paris Agreement; the adaptation-mitigation balance; financial instruments; mobilising private finance; and ‘new and additional’ finance. To increase transparency, accountability, and trust in climate finance under the UNFCCC and to simultaneously allow for the mobilisation of finance at scale, we suggest setting a sub-target for grants. In combination with additional (sub)target(s), this could define an overall new collective quantified goal that is better suited to serve the challenging dual role of mobilising finance at scale and transferring resources to developing countries. Key policy insights: Ambiguous definitions of climate finance and the US$100 billion target allow for multiple interpretations, reducing transparency and trust between countries. Climate finance targets can be interpreted in a dual and sometimes contrasting way: mobilising investment at scale and transferring resources from developed to developing countries. Recognising this duality may help to find common ground for a post-2025 climate finance target. Increasing the climate finance target may prove ineffective without further clarity on private finance mobilisation, the relation to Art. 2.1(c), and other priority elements. More detailed assessments of needs, priorities, costs, and support are needed to inform the post-2025 target and assess climate finance provision effectiveness. A sub-target for grants could increase accountability, trust, and transparency, and target the needs of the most vulnerable developing countries. Negotiations on the post-2025 climate finance target could also consider additional aspects such as access to and prioritisation of finance, and loss and damage.publishersversionpublishe

Climate change adaptation among female-led micro, small, and medium enterprises in semiarid areas: a case study from Kenya

This chapter contributes to the literature on private sector adaptation by empirically exploring how female-led micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSMEs) in Kenya’s semiarid lands (SALs) experience and respond to climate risk. The chapter argues that strong sociocultural orientations around gender roles and resource use and access not only confine female-led MSMEs to sectors that experience higher exposure to climate risk – most notably agriculture – but also trigger more pronounced barriers to building resilience within their businesses, including reduced access to land, capital, markets, new technology, and educational opportunities. Faced by these barriers, female entrepreneurs may pursue unsustainable forms of coping, as part of which business activity is scaled back through reduced profits, loss of business, and the sale of valuable business assets. Such strategies may help enterprises to cope in the short term but may undermine longer-term MSME adaptive capacity. Social networks, such as women’s groups and table banking initiatives, appear to be crucial adaptation tools. Additionally, a strong dependency exists between household resilience and business resilience, implying that building resilience at the household level could support adaptive capacity among female-led MSMEs. Supporting the adaptive capacity of women in business should be a policy priority

Gendered impacts of Covid 19

In the context that we live in, risks abound and are systemic in nature. Proliferating risks are emerging in ways never anticipated before. We now live in a world where one hazard cascades to multi-hazards and a never-ending chain starts. Perhaps it is time that institutions, policymakers, and financiers did focus more on preventing the risks and losses that arise from risks than preparing and responding to risks as and when they occur. Nairobi Risk hub With COVID-19, the systemic nature of risks has been exposed, and the potential cascading impacts laid bare. It is also correct to note that; gender equality gains might have been eroded. Consequently, the vulnerability has intensified, where the poor, the marginalized, the aged, the disabled, men, women, boys, girls, communities, and countries bear the brunt. The Sendai Framework monitor records unpleasant statistics regarding disasters and vulnerability. It shows that the least developed countries approximately record 40% of deaths and 48% of livelihoods disrupted whenever disasters occur. The framework recognizes the need for reducing risks and building resilience and livelihoods. Notably, the framework acknowledges all the critical role that gender plays in disaster risk reductions. Women, for instance, are considered vital stakeholders in DRR efforts, especially at grassroots levels. However, their roles in DRR decision-making are limited. This policy brief highlights the impact of COVID-19 and the responsive measures towards the suffering, in the spirit of not leaving anyone behind, and social inclusion

Implementing REDD+ at the national level: Stakeholder engagement and policy coherences between REDD+ rules and Kenya’s sectoral policies

Effective implementation of rules on reduced emission from avoided deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) depends on the compatibility between these rules and existing sectoral policies associated with forests. This paper applies content analysis of policy documents, semi-structured interviews and case study analysis to examine the interplay between REDD+ rules and Kenyan sectorial policies and local socioeconomic settings. Results reveal that the preparation of national REDD+ strategies in Kenya is usefully coordinated by the Kenyan forestry sector drawing on the sector’s policy mandate and past experiences in forest management. This sectoral mainstreaming however degenerates into negative vertical policy interplay caused by poor consultations with key sectors outside the forestry sector e.g. lands and agriculture and further exacerbated by sectoral competition for climate finance. Analysis of REDD+ coherences with sectoral policies revealed that forest polices on reforestation and decentralisation are coherent with REDD+ rules (horizontal interplay) but this coherence is impeded by limited implementation of these measures e.g. poor support and coordination of Community Forest Associations. Lack of coherence was mainly observed between REDD+ rules and resettlement and agricultural mechanisation policies prescribed in the lands and agriculture policies. Agricultural mechanisation and resettlement policies are synonymous with deforestation especially through illegal and politically motivated agricultural or settlement expansions into Kenya’s forest areas. At the local level, REDD+ showed potential to positively influence local livelihoods but the aforementioned national institutional gaps and strict carbon standards and prices lead to negative trade-offs between carbon sequestration and alternative livelihoods. The paper advocates for strong multi-stakeholder consultative mechanism so that both Kenyan policy and socioeconomic settings can support effective REDD+ implementation

La industria aceitera en el siglo XIX: referencia a Córdoba y al Molino Alvear

This article analyses the situation of the production of the Spanish olive oil in the nineteenth century. It examines particularly the development of the techniques used in the process of ellaboration of the oil and it very clearly reveals the tremendous bsckwardness of our industry compared with that of the Italians or the French. It also refers to the uses of agriculture as its foremost magnitudes: the cultivated areas, yields, prices, costs and markets. Finalyl, it provides economic information concerning the Alvear mill, the first Spanish industry which used the hydraulic press in the extraction of oil.En este artículo se analiza la situación del sector olivarero español en el siglo XIX. Se revisa especialmente la evolución de las tecnologías de elaboración de aceite empleadas, poniéndose de manifiesto el gran atraso de nuestra industria en comparación con la italiana o francesa. También se incluye referencia a los usos agronómicos y problemas económicos que afectaron al desarrollo del sector, así como a sus principales magnitudes: superficie cultivada, producciones, precios, costes y mercados. Finalmente se aporta información económica del Molino de Alvear, la primera industria española que utilizó la prensa hidráulica en la extracción del aceit