Микротвердость валиков из бронзы ПГ-19М-01, нанесенных как составляющая мултимодального покрытия методом лазерной наплавки

В статье рассматриваются преимущества лазерной наплавки и возможности использования лазерной наплавки для создания мультимодальных покрытий из разнородных металлических материалов. Приведены результаты исследований микротвердости в поперечном сечении наплавленных валиков из алюминиевой бронзы. Показано влияние скорости лазерной наплавки на микротвердость в наплавленных валиках.The advantages and the capabilities of laser cladding are analyses for used laser cladding for applying multimodal coatings from heterogeneous metal work materials. Results of microhardness investigations in cross section of cladding tracks from Al-bronze are exhibited. The influence of cladding velocity on microhardness are examined

Динамика фрикционных процессов при трении нержавеющей стали аустенитного класса 12Х18Н10Т с ультрамелкозернистой структурой

В работе рассматривается экспериментальное исследование динамики фрикционных процессов при трении объемных ультрамелкозернистых материалов. В качестве модельных образцов использовалась нержавеющая сталь аустенитного класса 12Х18Н10Т с ультрамелкозернистой структурой, сформированной методами ABC прессования и прокатки. В процессе сухого трения скольжения осуществлялась регистрация сигналов виброускорений и акустической эмиссии

A comparison of the effects of antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and prebiotics on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers

Routine use of the antibiotic flavomycin in broiler production may lead to resistance, and alternative growth promoters are used to enhance performance. Two hundred day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary supplements included from d 1-42: flavomycin, three possible alternatives, a probiotic, prebiotic and a synbiotic, as well as a control treatment. There were four replicate cages of 10 birds each in each treatment. Compared with the control and antibiotics treatments, the probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic treatments increased (p = 0.001) weight gain (64, 66, 73, 70 and 74\ua0g/d, respectively). The synbiotic treatment reduced (p = 0.004) the feed conversion ratio, compared with the control and antibiotic treatments (1.70, 1.84, 1.83, respectively). Compared with the control and antibiotic treatments, the birds fed the synbiotic treatment had greater relative gizzard (+47%) and spleen weights (+115%), and lighter kidneys (-47%). The birds fed the symbiotic treatment also had thinner walls of the caudal gut segments. The prebiotic had the most beneficial effect on cecal microbiota, stimulating aerobic and lactic acid producing bacteria and reducing Escherichia coli bacteria. Enterococci were increased in the antibiotic treatment. We conclude that there were significant performance and health benefits of using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics for broilers, rather than antibiotics

Sequential (gemcitabine/vinorelbine) and concurrent (gemcitabine) radiochemotherapy with FDG-PET-based target volume definition in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: first results of a phase I/II study

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of gemcitabine every two weeks concurrent to radiotherapy, administered during an aggressive program of sequential and simultaneous radiochemotherapy for locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to evaluate the efficacy of this regime in a phase II study. METHODS: 33 patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC were enrolled in a combined radiochemotherapy protocol. 29 patients were assessable for evaluation of toxicity and tumor response. Treatment included two cycles of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine (1200 mg/m(2)) and vinorelbine (30 mg/m(2)) at day 1, 8 and 22, 29 followed by concurrent radiotherapy (2.0 Gy/d; total dose 66.0 Gy) and chemotherapy with gemcitabine every two weeks at day 43, 57 and 71. Radiotherapy planning included [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) based target volume definition. 10 patients were included in the phase I study with an initial gemcitabine dose of 300 mg/m(2). The dose of gemcitabine was increased in steps of 100 mg/m(2 )until the MTD was realized. RESULTS: MTD was defined for the patient group receiving gemcitabine 500 mg/m(2 )due to grade 2 (next to grade 3) esophagitis in all patients resulting in a mean body weight loss of 5 kg (SD = 1.4 kg), representing 8% of the initial weight. These patients showed persisting dysphagia 3 to 4 weeks after completing radiotherapy. In accordance with expected complications as esophagitis, dysphagia and odynophagia, we defined the MTD at this dose level, although no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) grade 3 was reached. In the phase I/II median follow-up was 15.7 months (4.1 to 42.6 months). The overall response rate after completion of therapy was 64%. The median overall survival was 19.9 (95% CI: [10.1; 29.7]) months for all eligible patients. The median disease-free survival for all patients was 8.7 (95% CI: [2.7; 14.6]) months. CONCLUSION: After induction chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose and frequency of gemcitabine was defined at 500 mg/m(2 )every two weeks in three cycles during a maximum of 7 weeks of thoracic radiotherapy for the phase II study. This regimen represents an effective and tolerable therapy in the treatment of NSCLC