Methodology of inclusions removing from steel flowing through the tundish

Obtaining high quality steels mainly depends on the quantity of non-metallic inclusions contained into it and this, in turn, to a large extent on the structure of the flow in the tundish. Optimization of the flow of liquid steel through the tundish makes it possible to control the trajectory of inclusions and thereby to improve the conditions of their outflow into the slag layer. The following article presents an analysis of research opportunities of the inclusions distribution and removing process from the steel flowing through the tundish, resulting in reconstruction of the own research facility

Towards the superlubricity of polymer–steel interfaces with ionic liquids and carbon nanotubes

Frictional losses are responsible for significant energy waste in many practical applications, and superlubricity with a coefficient of friction lower than 0.01 is the goal of tribologists. In this paper, metal-on-polymer contact was analysed and close to superlubricity conditions for this material configuration were explored. A new lubricant has been proposed hinge on the phosphorus-based ionic liquid and carbon nanotubes as thickeners. Additionally, carbon nanotube mesh was doped with copper nanoparticles that allowed for the close to superlubricity state in a mild steel/polymer contact configuration under low normal load conditions. The adsorption of phosphorus onto metallic and polymer surfaces has been reported in EDS analysis. The formulation of the new lubricant allowed for stable dispersion with a carbon nanotube content as low as 0.1% wt. The carbon nanotubes and Cu nanoparticles have been analysed using TEM and SEM imaging. A tribological test in a block-on-ring system has been carried out. The wear of material, topography, and surface free energy have been analysed along with SEM/EDS images to explore the underlying mechanisms of friction and wear