Preliminary effects of fertilization on ecochemical soil condition in mature spruce stands experiencing dieback in the Beskid Śla̧ski and Żywiecki Mountains, Poland

In recent years, there has been the phenomena of spruce dieback in Europe. Significant areas of spruce low mortality now cover both sides of the Polish southern border. We evaluated ecochemical parameters influencing the heavy dieback occurring in mature spruce stands in the Polish Carpathian Mountains. Dolomite, magnesite and serpentinite fertilizers were applied to experimental plots located in 100-year-old stands in the autumn of 2008. The experimental plots were located in the mid-elevational forest zone (900-950 m) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians: Magura (Ujsoły Forest District) and Silesian (Wisła Forest District). The saturation of the studied soils demonstrates moderate resilience of soils in Wisła Forest District in relation to acid load and high flexibility of the Ujsoły soils. After application of the fertilizers, an increase of Mg, Ca and Mb was noted in the soil solution, determined in the overlaying highly acidic organic horizons through the ion-exchange buffering mechanism of highly protonated functional groups with high buffering capacity. Magnesium concentration increased following fertilization, presenting a potential improvement of forest growth capacity without the hazard of adverse side effects of liming. Aluminium stress in old spruce is unlikely, while trees in the control plots in Wisła Forest District may already be sensitive to aluminium stress. Serpentinite fertilization improved the supply of soils in magnesium without causing significant changes in the pH of the soil. Such changes in the pH were found in dolomite and magnesite fertilizer. © The Author(s) 2014

Kontynuacja rehabilitacji po udarze mózgu w domu według modelu EHSD

The growing costs of health care have enforced managers to look for new solutions of services which could enable them to reduce the costs of treatment. During recent years a promising alternative to conventional institutional post-stroke rehabilitation has appeared. Early Home Supported Discharge (EHSD) consists of many elements of the modern strategy of rehabilitation. It realizes the idea of early rehabilitation, its continuation after discharge from hospital, and for the first: social integration – participation. Many authors have published extended studies demonstrating the significant effect on poor final outcomes and the length of hospitalization. In 2006 these results were elaborated in a HTA of EHSD where the extra ‘H’ specifies that this intervention has to be delivered at the domicile of the patient. The HTA concludes that EHSD is a dominant intervention in comparison with conventional stroke unit rehabilitation. The biggest benefits of this model have been noticed in those survivals who displayed a middle-moderate level of disability. In this review article the contemporary state of art with regard to the post-stroke model of Early Home Supported Discharge is presented

Influence of farming technology on bioaccumulation of calcium, magnesium and sodium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) / Wpływ technologii chowu na biokumulację wapnia, magnezu i sodu w tkance mięśniowej pstrąga tęczowego (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

Polska należy do krajów o ograniczonych zasobach wodnych, w których wskazana jest oszczędność wody m.in. poprzez doskonalenie metod produkcji rybackiej o zmniejszonym zużyciu wody. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu jakości wody oraz technologii chowu na biokumulację wapnia, magnezu i sodu w tkance mięśniowej pstrąga tęczowego. Badania przeprowadzono wiosną i jesienią 2011 roku w 2 gospodarstwach pstrągowych z województwa pomorskiego stosujących odmienne technologie chowu: z jednokrotnym przepływem wody oraz z systemem recyrkulacji wody. W badanych obiektach technologia chowu miała istotny wpływ na stężenie magnezu i sodu w wodach odpadowych, natomiast nie miała wpływu na zawartość badanych metali w tkance mięśniowej pstrąga tęczoweg

Mineral content of muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

Fish are most often considered as a rich source of valuable fat, although sometimes the high quality of fish meat protein is also emphasized, but there is comparably little information on the mineral composition of fish meat. Chemical composition, caloric value and health safety of fish as food depend on many factors, of which the rearing conditions are most influential. Aside from environmental conditions, production technology is a major determinant of the quality and nutritional value of trout. In this study, the influence of a farming technology on the content of minerals in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) netted in various Polish regions has been assessed. Fish were caught in autumn 2010 and 2011 and spring 2011, at 3 farms with a water flow-through system and 3 farms with water recirculation. The trout muscle tissue contained: 188.4 - 518.4 mg kg-1 of calcium, 306.9 - 338.1 mg kg-1 of magnesium, 464.0 - 718.2 mg kg-1 of sodium, 4.5 - 6.9 mg kg-1 of zinc, 2485.7 - 2823.6 mg kg-1 of phosphorous, 4261.2 - 4615.4 mg kg-1 of potassium, 3.0 - 9.4 mg kg-1 of iron and 0.09 – 11.74 mg kg-1 of copper. The farming technology influenced the content of calcium, sodium, zinc, iron and copper but had no effect on the content of magnesium, phosphorous and potassium in rainbow trout muscle tissue. Trout farmed in water recirculation systems contained higher amounts of most elements than the fish reared in water flow-through systems. The season of sample collection (date of netting) also affected the content of sodium, zinc, phosphorus, iron and copper. The fish farming site (localization of the farm) determined the content of most of the minerals except magnesium. Rainbow trout is a good source of phosphorous and potassium in a human diet, significantly covering the daily demand for the elements