Illness severity and risk of mental morbidities among patients recovering from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in the Icelandic population.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadObjective: To test if patients recovering from COVID-19 are at increased risk of mental morbidities and to what extent such risk is exacerbated by illness severity. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: Iceland. Participants: A total of 22 861 individuals were recruited through invitations to existing nationwide cohorts and a social media campaign from 24 April to 22 July 2020, of which 373 were patients recovering from COVID-19. Main outcome measures: Symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder Scale) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; modified Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5) above screening thresholds. Adjusting for multiple covariates and comorbidities, multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the association between COVID-19 severity and mental morbidities. Results: Compared with individuals without a diagnosis of COVID-19, patients recovering from COVID-19 had increased risk of depression (22.1% vs 16.2%; adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.82) and PTSD (19.5% vs 15.6%; aRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.75) but not anxiety (13.1% vs 11.3%; aRR 1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.64). Elevated relative risks were limited to patients recovering from COVID-19 that were 40 years or older and were particularly high among individuals with university education. Among patients recovering from COVID-19, symptoms of depression were particularly common among those in the highest, compared with the lowest tertile of influenza-like symptom burden (47.1% vs 5.8%; aRR 6.42, 95% CI 2.77 to 14.87), among patients confined to bed for 7 days or longer compared with those never confined to bed (33.3% vs 10.9%; aRR 3.67, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.86) and among patients hospitalised for COVID-19 compared with those never admitted to hospital (48.1% vs 19.9%; aRR 2.72, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.44). Conclusions: Severe disease course is associated with increased risk of depression and PTSD among patients recovering from COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; epidemiology; mental health; public health.Icelandic government NordFors

Samvirkni ábyrgðar við vitsmunabrest og hvatvísi í áráttu- og þráhyggjuröskun

Þegar fólk finnur til ábyrgðar telur það sig geta orsakað eða komið í veg fyrir slæma atburði. Vitsmunabrestur (cognitive failures) er brestur í hugarstarfi. Þegar hvort tveggja er mikið er líklegt að endurskoðunarárátta komi fram. Fengist hafa tengsl milli ábyrgðar og hvatvísi í fyrri rannsóknum. Búist var við að ábyrgð og vitsmunabrestir spáðu fyrir um áráttu og þráhyggju, og þá sérstaklega endurskoðunaráráttu. Einnig var búist við samvirkni milli ábyrgðar og vitsmunabresta sem og hvatvísi og ábyrgðar. Þátttakendur voru 295 háskólanemar sem fylltu út fimm spurningalista, RAS (Responsibility Attitudes Scale), CFQ (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire), OCI-R (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised), HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Samvirkni var milli ábyrgðar og vitsmunabresta í endurskoðunaráráttu. Þegar ábyrgð var mikil spáðu vitsmunabrestir betur fyrir um endurskoðun en þegar ábyrgð var lítil og öfugt fyrir mikla vitsmunabresti. Samvirknihrif komu fram milli ábyrgðar og hvatvísi í áráttu og þráhyggju auk undirkvarðans hlutleysing. Þegar ábyrgð var mikil spáði hvatvísi betur fyrir um áráttu og þráhyggju og hlutleysingu en þegar ábyrgð var lítil og öfugt fyrir mikla hvatvísi. Niðurstöður voru eins og búist var við

Cohort Profile: COVIDMENT: COVID-19 cohorts on mental health across six nations

Key features • COVIDMENT [www.covidment.is] is a NordForsk-funded research collaboration across six nations, with the overarching aim to significantly advance current knowledge on mental morbidity trajectories associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the general population and in specific risk groups. • From March 2020 through August 2021, 392 817 individuals have been recruited to the seven COVIDMENT cohorts: the Danish Blood Donor Study (N ¼ 71 562), the Estonian Biobank COVID-19 and Mental Health Data Collection cohorts (N ¼ 13 329 and N ¼ 86 116, respectively), the Icelandic COVID-19 National Resilience Cohort (N ¼ 22 849), the Norwegian BRY.DEG2020 (N ¼ 19 343), the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (N ¼ 132 486), the Scottish Generation Scotland/CovidLife (N ¼ 18 518) and the Swedish Omtanke2020 (N ¼ 28 614). Semi-harmonized questionnaire data have been collected across all COVIDMENT cohorts with longitudinal data available, e.g. through linkage to the national registers. • The average age of participants ranged from 31.8 to 58.5 years across cohorts. The prevalence of depressive symptoms above cut-off point varied considerably across cohorts (4.2–20.8%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was highest at COVID-19 incidence of 30 cases per week per 100 000 persons, i.e. 14.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.4–21.8%], which was 61.0% (95% CI: 34.0–94.1%) higher than the prevalence at COVID-19 incidence of 0 cases per week per 100 000 persons (P ¼ 1.1 x 10 ^( 6)).

Cohort Profile: COVIDMENT: COVID-19 cohorts on mental health across six nations

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