5,077 research outputs found
Resting state connectivity between medial temporal lobe regions and intrinsic cortical networks predicts performance in a path integration task
Humans differ in their individual navigational performance, in part because successful navigation relies on several diverse abilities. One such navigational capability is path integration, the updating of position and orientation during movement, typically in a sparse, landmark-free environment. This study examined the relationship between path integration abilities and functional connectivity to several canonical intrinsic brain networks. Intrinsic networks within the brain reflect past inputs and communication as well as structural architecture. Individual differences in intrinsic connectivity have been observed for common networks, suggesting that these networks can inform our understanding of individual spatial abilities. Here, we examined individual differences in intrinsic connectivity using resting state magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI). We tested path integration ability using a loop closure task, in which participants viewed a single video of movement in a circle trajectory in a sparse environment, and then indicated whether the video ended in the same location in which it started. To examine intrinsic brain networks, participants underwent a resting state scan. We found that better performance in the loop task was associated with increased connectivity during rest between the central executive network (CEN) and posterior hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and entorhinal cortex. We also found that connectivity between PHC and the default mode network (DMN) during rest was associated with better loop closure performance. The results indicate that interactions between medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions and intrinsic networks that involve prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important for path integration and navigation.This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR MURI N00014-10-1-0936 and MURI N00014-16-1-2832). fMRI scanning was completed at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (Charlestown, MA, USA), which receives support from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR P41RR14075). (ONR MURI N00014-10-1-0936 - Office of Naval Research; MURI N00014-16-1-2832 - Office of Naval Research; NCRR P41RR14075 - National Center for Research Resources)Published versio
Music as a window into real-world communication
Communication has been studied extensively in the context of speech and language. While speech is tremendously effective at transferring ideas between people, music is another communicative mode that has a unique power to bring people together and transmit a rich tapestry of emotions, through joint music-making and listening in a variety of everyday contexts. Research has begun to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of the joint action required for successful musical interactions, but it has yet to fully account for the rich, dynamic, multimodal nature of musical communication. We review the current literature in this area and propose that naturalistic musical paradigms will open up new ways to study communication more broadly
Glucocerebrosidase gene therapy prevents α-synucleinopathy of midbrain dopamine neurons
AbstractDiminished lysosomal function can lead to abnormal cellular accumulation of specific proteins, including α-synuclein, contributing to disease pathogenesis of vulnerable neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α-synucleinopathies. GBA1 encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase (GCase), and mutations in GBA1 are a prominent genetic risk factor for PD. Previous studies showed that in sporadic PD, and in normal aging, GCase brain activity is reduced and levels of corresponding glycolipid substrates are increased. The present study tested whether increasing GCase through AAV-GBA1 intra-cerebral gene delivery in two PD rodent models would reduce the accumulation of α-synuclein and protect midbrain dopamine neurons from α-synuclein-mediated neuronal damage. In the first model, transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype α-synuclein throughout the brain (ASO mice) were used, and in the second model, a rat model of selective dopamine neuron degeneration was induced by AAV-A53T mutant α-synuclein. In ASO mice, intra-cerebral AAV-GBA1 injections into several brain regions increased GCase activity and reduced the accumulation of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra and striatum. In rats, co-injection of AAV-GBA1 with AAV-A53T α-synuclein into the substantia nigra prevented α-synuclein-mediated degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by 6months. These neuroprotective effects were associated with altered protein expression of markers of autophagy. These experiments demonstrate, for the first time, the neuroprotective effects of increasing GCase against dopaminergic neuron degeneration, and support the development of therapeutics targeting GCase or other lysosomal genes to improve neuronal handling of α-synuclein
Study of the P-wave charmonium state \chi_{cJ} in \psi(2S) decays
The processes , and have been studied using a sample of produced
decays. We determine the total width of the to be
MeV. We present the first
measurement of the branching fraction , where the first error is statistical and the
second one systematic. Branching fractions of and
are also reported.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, 3 figures, 2 table
Measurement of the Total Cross Section for Hadronic Production by e+e- Annihilation at Energies between 2.6-5 Gev
Using the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer (BESII), we have measured the total
cross section for annihilation into hadronic final states at
center-of-mass energies of 2.6, 3.2, 3.4, 3.55, 4.6 and 5.0 GeV. Values of ,
, are determined.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Measurement of decays to baryon pairs
A sample of 3.95M decays registered in the BES detector are used
to study final states containing pairs of octet and decuplet baryons. We report
branching fractions for , ,
, ,
, ,
, and . These results
are compared to expectations based on the SU(3)-flavor symmetry, factorization,
and perturbative QCD.Comment: 22 pages, 21 figures, 4 table
Measurement of the Inclusive Charm Cross Section at 4.03 GeV and 4.14 GeV
The cross section for charmed meson production at and 4.14
GeV has been measured with the Beijing Spectrometer. The measurement was made
using 22.3 of data collected at 4.03 GeV and 1.5
of data collected at 4.14 GeV. Inclusive observed cross sections for
the production of charged and neutral D mesons and momentum spectra are
presented. Observed cross sections were radiatively corrected to obtain tree
level cross sections. Measurements of the total hadronic cross section are
obtained from the charmed meson cross section and an extrapolation of results
from below the charm threshold.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures. The top level tex file is paper.tex. It builds
the paper from other tex files in this .tar and the .eps file
Measurements of the Cross Section for e+e- -> hadrons at Center-of-Mass Energies from 2 to 5 GeV
We report values of for 85 center-of-mass energies between
2 and 5 GeV measured with the upgraded Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing
Electron-Positron Collider.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Observation of a near-threshold enhancement in th p pbar mass spectrum from radiative J/psi-->gamma p pbar decays
We observe a narrow enhancement near 2mp in the invariant mass spectrum of
ppbar pairs from radiative J/psi-->gamma ppbar decays. The enhancement can be
fit with either an S- or P-wave Breit Wigner fuction. In the case of the S-wave
fit, the peak mass is below the 2mp threshold and the full width is less than
30 MeV. These mass and width values are not consistent with the properties of
any known meson resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
First Measurement of the Branching Fraction of the Decay psi(2S) --> tau tau
The branching fraction of the psi(2S) decay into tau pair has been measured
for the first time using the BES detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron
Collider. The result is ,
where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. This value,
along with those for the branching fractions into e+e- and mu+mu of this
resonance, satisfy well the relation predicted by the sequential lepton
hypothesis. Combining all these values with the leptonic width of the resonance
the total width of the psi(2S) is determined to be keV.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
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