Single-Stage Arthroscopic Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Repairs and Open Medial Collateral Ligament Repair for Acute Knee Dislocation

Till date, there are no clear guidelines regarding the treatment of multiple ligament knee injuries. Ligament repair is advantageous as it preserves proprioception and does not involve grafting. Many studies have reported the use of open repair and reconstruction for multiple ligament knee injuries; however, reports on arthroscopic-combined single-stage anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) repairs are scarce. In this report, we describe a case of type III knee dislocation (ACL, PCL, and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries) in a 43-year-old man, caused by contact while playing futsal. On the sixth day after injury, arthroscopic ACL and PCL repairs were performed with open MCL repair. The proximal lesions in the three ligaments that were injured were sutured using no. 2 strong surgical sutures. The ACL was pulled out to the lateral condyle of the femur and fixed using a suspensory fixation device. The PCL was pulled out to the medial condyle of the femur, and the MCL was pulled towards the proximal end of the femur; both were fixed using suture anchors. Early mobilization was performed, and both, clinical and imaging outcomes, were good two years after surgery

Preparation of Tris(spiroorthocarbonate) Cyclophanes as Back to Back Ditopic Hosts

Twin-bowl-shaped tris(spiroorthocarbonate) cyclophanes were designed and prepared as ditopic hosts for electrically neutral or electron-rich guests. Preparation of the desired cyclophanes was achieved by cyclotrimerization of 2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (THB) via the transesterification of tetraphenyl orthocarbonate or dichlorodiphenoxymethane. In those reactions, bis(spiroorthocarbonate) cyclophane containing two THB units was also formed as the kinetically favored product. The spiroorthocarbonate twin bowl exhibited ditopic molecular recognition toward fullerene C₆₀ in the crystalline state

Preparation of Tris(spiroorthocarbonate) Cyclophanes as Back to Back Ditopic Hosts

Twin-bowl-shaped tris(spiroorthocarbonate) cyclophanes were designed and prepared as ditopic hosts for electrically neutral or electron-rich guests. Preparation of the desired cyclophanes was achieved by cyclotrimerization of 2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (THB) via the transesterification of tetraphenyl orthocarbonate or dichlorodiphenoxymethane. In those reactions, bis(spiroorthocarbonate) cyclophane containing two THB units was also formed as the kinetically favored product. The spiroorthocarbonate twin bowl exhibited ditopic molecular recognition toward fullerene C₆₀ in the crystalline state

Preparation of Tris(spiroorthocarbonate) Cyclophanes as Back to Back Ditopic Hosts

Twin-bowl-shaped tris(spiroorthocarbonate) cyclophanes were designed and prepared as ditopic hosts for electrically neutral or electron-rich guests. Preparation of the desired cyclophanes was achieved by cyclotrimerization of 2,2′,3,3′-tetrahydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (THB) via the transesterification of tetraphenyl orthocarbonate or dichlorodiphenoxymethane. In those reactions, bis(spiroorthocarbonate) cyclophane containing two THB units was also formed as the kinetically favored product. The spiroorthocarbonate twin bowl exhibited ditopic molecular recognition toward fullerene C₆₀ in the crystalline state

Supramolecular Materials Cross-Linked by Host–Guest Inclusion Complexes: The Effect of Side Chain Molecules on Mechanical Properties

Functional polymeric materials constructed by noncovalent bonds have attracted considerable attention due to their beneficial stretching and self-healing properties. We chose host–guest interactions using cyclodextrins (CDs) as host molecules to realize supramolecular materials with stretching and self-healing properties. Notably, an inclusion complex of a CD and a guest molecule functions as a reversible bond in a material. Herein, we studied the relationship between the mechanical properties of the materials and host–guest interactions based on the association constants of CDs with guest molecules and molecular structures of the guest molecules. A chemically cross-linked poly­(acrylamide) gel showed high rupture stress, although the rupture strain was noticeably low. However, the host–guest hydrogels (CDAAmMe-R hydrogels) exhibited a higher rupture stress and strain of approximately 1000%. These rupture stress and strain values were related to the association constants of the CDs with guest units on the polymer side chain and the structure of the guest molecules. In particular, the αCDAAmMe-Dod hydrogel with a dodecyl group with a long, rod-like structure showed better rupture stress and strain (1250%). The βCDAAmMe-AdAAm hydrogel with a spherical adamantyl acrylamide (AdAAm) group showed better self-healing properties. To realize a practical self-healing process under dry conditions, a poly­(methyl triethylene glycol acrylate) xerogels with βCDAAmMe and AdAAm (βCDAAmMe-AdAAm TEGA xerogel) was prepared. The βCDAAmMe-AdAAm TEGA xerogel exhibited self-healing properties, regaining 61% of its initial material strength at 100 °C