Effective optimization of surface passivation on porous silicon carbide using atomic layer deposited Al2O3

Porous silicon carbide (B–N co-doped SiC) produced by anodic oxidation showed strong photoluminescence (PL) at around 520 nm excited by a 375 nm laser. The porous SiC samples were passivated by atomic layer deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) films, resulting in a significant enhancement of the PL intensity (up to 689%). The effect of thickness, annealing temperature, annealing duration and precursor purge time on the PL intensity of ALD Al2O3 films was investigated. In order to investigate the penetration depth and passivation effect in porous SiC, the samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-resolved PL. The optimized passivation conditions (20 nm Al2O3 deposited at 160 °C with purge time of 20 s, followed by an annealing for 5 min at 350 °C) for porous SiC were achieved and the results indicate that surface passivation by ALD Al2O3 thin films is a very effective method to enhance the luminescence efficiency of porous SiC

急性期医療を受ける患者の願い

目的：患者の地域での暮らしの希望と療養上の目標を中心に構造化した看護のプロセス”Nursing Care for Patient Goals”（NCPG）に患者の視点から示唆を得るため急性期医療を受ける患者が看護師に知ってほしい情報と療養の目標に対して求める看護を明らかにした． 方法：１特定機能病院において入院中または入院予定の20歳以上の患者を対象として質問紙調査を２回（2017年，2018年）に実施した．調査内容は基本属性，調査Ⅰ（2017年）は先行研究を基に抽出した患者情報23項目について看護師に知って欲しいと思う程度，最も大事と思う項目とその選択理由，調査Ⅱ（2018年）は自分の療養の目標について求める看護であった．統計分析は記述統計，因子分析，t 検定を用いた．自由記述によるデータは質的記述的分析を行った． 結果：調査Ⅰの有効回答数は448名で，看護師に知ってほしい自分の情報として【第１因子：社会的役割と環境】【第２因子：病気の理解・受け入れと心理】【第３因子：身体的状態と生活の仕方】【第４因子：暮らしの希望と自己決定】が抽出された．65歳未満と比較して65歳以上の対象者は第１因子が高い傾向にあった．また第４因子を最も大事と思う項目の選択理由について， “希望・目標がなきゃ生きていけない” という表現が特徴として出された．調査Ⅱの有効回答数は416名で，多数の対象者が自分の目標を医療者と共有することが重要だと感じており，受けたい看護として，傍にいて寄り添う看護，治療・症状への専門的な看護，地域での暮らしの自立への看護が抽出された． 結論：患者の視点から看護師に知ってほしい情報として４つの因子と自分の目標を分ってほしいとする対象者の願いは，希望と目標を基盤としたNCPG の考え方と一致しており，目標達成のために受けたい看護の３つの視点が示唆された．Objective : This study aimed to identify information on care of patients receiving acute care for life in community from the patientsʼ perspective and to obtain suggestions for “Nursing Care for Patient Goals”（NCPG）. Method : The subjects were patients receiving acute care and aged 20 years and above. They were given self-administered questionnaires. Survey Ⅰ（2017）consisted of a questionnaire that was based on previously collected qualitative data and comprised 23 Likert-scale questions and free descriptive questions on the reasons for selecting the most important item. Survey Ⅱ（2018）consisted of questionnaire that was comprised of three Likert-scale questions on goals and a free descriptive question on care for the achievement of goals. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and t-test. Data from free-text descriptions were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. Results : Survey Ⅰ : data from 448 valid responses were subjected to factor analysis to determine the factor structure. The following factors were identified from the patientsʼ perspectives: 1） social role and environment, 2） understanding/acceptance and psychological state, 3） physical condition and life, and 4） hope and decision-making for life. In addition, a qualitative and inductive approach was employed to analyze participantsʼ descriptive responses about the reason for selecting the most important item. The characteristic description of why participants selected “hope and decision-making of life” was “I cannot live without hope.” Survey Ⅱ : data from 416 valid responses were analyzed. The majority of participants felt it was important to share their goals with their healthcare professionals. A qualitative and inductive approach was employed to analyze the participantsʼ descriptive responses to care for goals achievement. The care desired by participants was categorized as “being with”, “professional care”, and “self-care support”. Conclusion : The factors that patients wanted nurses to know were consistent with the components of “NCPG.” The care that patients desire to achieve their goals was clarified

患者の希望を地域につなぐための患者状態とニーズ

目的：急性期医療を受ける患者の地域での生活を視野に入れた看護を展開するために患者の情報と看護の視点について明らかにすることを目的とした． 方法：特定機能病院に勤務する中堅以上の看護師３３名を対象に，地域での生活を視野に入れた患者の情報と看護の視点についてフォーカス・グループ・インタビューを行い分析した． 結果及び考察：急性期医療を受ける患者の地域での生活に必要な情報と看護の視点として，コアカテゴリー《地域での生活を可能にするニーズ》が抽出された．さらに地域での生活を可能にするための状態とニーズとして【身体・生理的な状態とニーズ】，【生活の自立と安全の状態とニーズ】，【病気の受け入れと心理的反応の状態とニーズ】，【社会的環境の状態とニーズ】，【医療・療養への自己決定の状態とニーズ】の５つのカテゴリーに分類された．これらより，患者の暮らしの希望，療養の目標，５つの視点の状態からニーズを導き看護を展開する看護の過程として，“Nursing Care for Patient Goals（” NCPG）を構造化した． 結論：地域包括ケアシステムの中において急性期医療を受ける患者の情報と看護の視点として地域での生活を可能にするための５つの状態とそのニーズが重視されていた．Objective : The aim of this study was to identify information and care perspectives of nurses for patients leaving an acute care hospital for life in the community, and to consider appropriate nursing care in the community-based integrated care system. Method : Focus group interviews were conducted with 33 nurses working in an acute care hospital. The data were analyzed using qualitative inductive analysis. Results & Discussion : The core category “Needs to enable patients to live in the community” was extracted as the information and care perspective necessary for patients receiving acute care to leave hospital for life in the community. The information and care perspectives were classified into five conditions : physical/physiological condition and needs, life independence and safety status and needs, acceptance of/emotions about illness and needs, social environment and needs, and decision-making and needs. “Nursing Care for Patient Goals” was structured as a nursing process. Conclusion : We identified five conditions and their needs that would enable patients receiving acute care to leave hospital for life in the community

コウトウ ヨウゴ ガッコウ ニ オケル セイキョウイク ニ タイスル キョウユ ノ ニンシキ

　本研究は，高等養護学校における性教育の実態と課題を明らかにする目的で，性教育を担当する教諭に半構成的面接を行い意味内容を分析した質的記述的研究である．その結果【性被害を危惧】【反復・継続の教育】【性教育への熱い信念】【実態と時間数との狭間のジレンマ】の4 つのカテゴリーが抽出された．教諭は生徒の身に起こる性被害を危惧し，性教育への熱い信念を持ち，生徒に反復・継続の教育を行っていた．しかし，生徒の実態と性教育の時間の狭間でジレンマが生じていた．限られた時間の中で，生徒一人ひとりの実態に合わせ，生徒の行動変容につながるような教育方法，教諭間の共通理解と寄宿舎との連携が課題とされた．The objective of this study is to understand the situation and problems related to sex education in high schools for disabled students by conducting semi structured interviews with teachers in charge of sex education at such a school. The data obtained in the interviews were analyzed into the following four categories: "apprehensions about sexual violence", "repeated and continuing education", "strong beliefs in the value of sex education", and "dilemmas arising from perceived student needs and the number of class hours". Teachers conducted sex education repeatedly and continuously to the students with a strong belief in the necessity for sex education and with apprehension about the danger of sexual violence inflicted on students by others, or other students. However, teachers felt a dilemma between the situation surrounding the students and the time available for sex education. The findings suggest the necessity of establishing a method of sex education that helps respond to the behavioral changes experienced by students based on the specific condition of each student in the limited time available, sharing understanding and insights among teachers, and ensuring cooperation with the staff of dormitories

Association of Personality with Cognitive Failure among Japanese Middle-Aged and Older Adults

This study explored the associations between personality traits and cognitive failure (including minor lapses and prospective and retrospective memory failure) among middle-aged and older adults living in Japan. The participants were 373 adults, aged 40–84 (167 men and 206 women). The 15-item Japanese version of the Short Inventory of Minor Lapses was used to evaluate minor lapses, and the 16-item Japanese version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire was used to assess prospective and retrospective memory failure. The participants’ variables evaluated for their association with cognitive failure were gender, age, education, paid work, social network, chronic disease, sleep quality, and the Big Five personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that sleep quality (β = −0.232), neuroticism (β = 0.163), and conscientiousness (β = −0.295) were related to minor lapses; age (β = 0.152), sleep quality (β = −0.168), and conscientiousness (β = −0.290) were associated with prospective memory failure; and age (β = 0.268), sleep quality (β = −0.146), and conscientiousness (β = −0.221) were associated with retrospective memory failure. These findings may facilitate the development of efficient strategies for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction and its adverse consequences for personal health