Longevity in Russia's Regions: Do Poverty and Low Public Health Spending Kill?

life expectancy, poverty, public health spending, panel data

Asset-Based Poverty in Rural Tajikistan: Who Climbs out and Who Falls in?

Tajikistan?s rural sector has witnessed substantial development since the country began to emerge from civil conflict in 1999. Gross agricultural output increased 64 per cent from 1999 to 2003, and there were significant developments in the agricultural reform agenda. This paper uses the panel component of two surveys conducted in Tajikistan at a one-year interval (2003 and 2004) to explore the major determinants of the transition out of/into poverty of rural households. Poverty status is measured in the asset space, thus indicating structural rather than transitory poverty movements. The empirical analysis reveals several interesting findings that are also important from a policy perspective: first, cotton farming seems to have no positive impact on poverty levels, nor on mobility out of poverty. Second, the rate of increase in the share of private farming at the district level had little impact on poverty levels and poverty mobility. Third, there is strong evidence of geographic poverty mobility traps in Tajikistan. Higher levels of poverty in a district appear to reduce significantly the chance of a household shedding poverty. Living in a region with overall slow economic growth is also found to undermine the odds of exiting poverty and to increase the risk of falling into poverty. Finally, several key household-level factors, such as the share of adults, education level, health status and participation in wage employment, also emerge as significant predictors of poverty mobility.welfare, poverty, Tajikistan

The dynamics of ownership of durable goods in Bulgaria : from economic crisis to EU membership

The paper uses repeated cross-sections of Bulgaria's household survey data (1995, 1997, 2001, and 2003) and a comparable list of durable goods to investigate the dynamics and distribution of durable goods over time, including during the economic crisis of 1996-1997 and the subsequent period of relatively robust economic growth leading up to European Union membership. It examines the dynamics of the ownership of durable goods by wealth classes, geographic locations, and various ethnic groups, including the Roma. In the aggregate, there was convergence between the poorest and the richest classes in the ownership of durable goods between 1995 and 2003, with the poorest class making a significant gain between 2001 and 2003 after having lost some ground between 1995 and 2001. There was also convergence in the ownership of durable goods between urban and rural residents. However, there appear to be some diverging tendencies between Bulgarians and the minority ethnic groups, particularly in the ownership of relatively more expensive goods such as personal computers and cars.Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Access to Finance,Investment and Investment Climate

Global Liquidity, Risk Premiums and Growth Opportunities

This paper constructs new indicators of liquidity for equity, bond and money markets in major advanced and emerging market countries, documents their evolution and co-movements, and assesses the extent to which such measures are determinants of selected spreads and proxy measures of countries’ growth opportunities. Three main results obtain. First, there is evidence of an historical increase in market liquidity since the early 1990s, in part as a result of advances in international financial integration, but markets have been increasingly exposed to global systemic liquidity shocks. Second, liquidity indicators appear to be important determinants of bond spreads in advanced economies and EMBI spreads in emerging markets. Third, improvements in market liquidity have significant real effects, as liquidity indicators have a significant positive impact on proxy measures of countries’ growth opportunities.liquidity, risk premiums, growth opportunities

The impact of the current military conflict on migration and mobility in Ukraine

In seeking to investigate the recent changes in migration matters in Ukraine since EuroMaidan, annexation of Crimea and hostilities in Donbass, this paper explores the situation on the ground using the available data (including official statistics, figures of the international organizations, media reports and public surveys) as well as expert voices from different disciplines. It covers the period from winter 2013/14, when the first individual circular movements started, to autumn 2014, marked with intense mass displacement which has been rapidly growing since then. It is indicated that the observed conflict was triggered out by externally orchestrated factors and agents and would not have been caused by internal economic, political or cultural contradictions alone. Given the unprecedented challenge that Ukraine, being in the middle of the conflict, is currently facing, it also addresses the potential for a policy and the institutional framework to deal with migration since the crisis

Growth and Inequality: Evidence from Transitional Economies

The transitional economies of Eastern Europe (EE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) experienced a dramatic increase in income inequality in the 1990s. In this paper I investigate the causes of unprecedented changes in income distribution using a unique panel of inequality estimates for 24 transitional countries for the period 1989-1998. The fixed effects model is used to control for unobservable country-specific effects that result in a missing-variable bias in cross-sectional studies. The relationship between income inequality, measured by Gini coefficient, and per capita GDP is shown to be positive for EE, but negative for the FSU. Economic liberalization, privatization and deindustrialization are found to have contributed to the rise in income inequality in the transitional region. Hyperinflation also makes the distribution of income more unequal. I do not find strong support for unemployment and the size of government consumption affecting income distribution. While civil conflicts increase income inequality, the extent of political rights and civil liberties is not found to directly affect income distribution.economic growth, income distribution, transitional economies, panel data

Eternal return : present-day problems associated with social reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants arriving in Ukraine from the EU (based on sociological research results)

CARIM-East: Creating an Observatory of Migration East of EuropeThis is the translated version of CARIM-East RR 2013/05In the present paper Ukrainian case study is used to examine certain research aspects associated with the research of return migration and subsequent social reintegration of migrants in the country of origin. In this paper by return migrants we mean those who in the post-Soviet period have acquired experience of legal or illegal temporary (in the course of less than three months) stay abroad (in this case in the EU member states) with the purpose of employment and who have by now returned to their home country – Ukraine. The present analysis focuses on four key aspects of re-inclusion of returning migrants: 1) legal re-adaptation, 2) resolution of housing-related problems, 3) employment issue/ conditions for starting a business, and 4) family reunion and socio-cultural re-adaptation to the local community.CARIM-East is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Improving child nutrition outcomes in India : can the integrated child development services be more effective?

Levels of child malnutrition in India fell only slowly during the 1990s, despite significant economic growth and large public spending on the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program, of which the major component is supplementary feeding for malnourished children. To unravel this puzzle, the authors assess the program's placement and its outcomes using National Family Health Survey data from 1992 and 1998. They find that program placement is clearly regressive across states. The states with the greatest need for the program - the poor northern states with high levels of child malnutrition and nearly half of India's population - have the lowest program coverage and the lowest budgetary allocations from the central government. Program placement within a state is more progressive: poorer and larger villages have a higher probability of having an ICDS center, as do those with other development programs or community associations. The authors also find little evidence of program impact on child nutrition status in villages with ICDS centers.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Youth and Governance,Primary Education,Adolescent Health

Інформування учасників кримінального провадження

Іващенко О. В. Інформування учасників кримінального провадження : автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 12.00.09 / О. В. Іващенко; кер. роботи В. Д. Басай; Нац. ун.-т "Одеська юридична академія". – Одеса, 2013. – 20 с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.09 - кримінальний процес та криміналістика; судова експертиза; оперативно-розшукова діяльність. - Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Одеса, 2013. Дисертація присвячена комплексному дослідженню поняття, процесуального порядку та елементів інформування як кримінально-процесуальної діяльності уповноважених законом суб'єктів, спрямованої на забезпечення ефективної реалізації прав та законних інтересів учасників кримінального провадження у різних його стадіях, та інституту кримінально-процесуального права. У роботі розкрито історичний процес виникнення та розвитку інституту інформування учасників кримінального провадження, з'ясовано сутність, форми та зміст інформування учасників кримінального провадження; запропоновано класифікацію учасників інформування у кримінальному провадженні та проаналізовано їх правовий статус. На основі положень чинного законодавства та наукових праць учених-процесуалістів розкрито способи та форми інформування учасників кримінального провадження при проведенні слідчих (розшукових) і негласних слідчих (розшукових) дій, інших процесуальних дій на стадії досудового провадження. За результатами дослідження сформульовано пропозиції, спрямовані на вдосконалення кримінального процесуального закону у частині, яка регламентує процесуальний порядок та елементи інформування учасників кримінального провадження під час досудового розслідування та судового провадження.Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.09 - уголовный процесс и криминалистика; судебная экспертиза, оперативно-розыскная деятельность. - Национальный университет «Одесская юридическая академия», Одесса, 2013. Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию понятия, процессуального порядка и элементов информирования как уголовно-процессуальной деятельности уполномоченных законом субъектов, направленной на обеспечение эффективной реализации прав и законных интересов участников уголовного производства в различных его стадиях, института уголовно-процессуального права. В работе раскрыт исторический процесс возникновения и развития института информирования участников уголовного судопроизводства, выяснены сущность, формы и содержание информирования участников уголовного производства; предложена классификация участников информирования в уголовном производстве, проанализирован их правовой статус. На основе норм действующего законодательства и научных трудов ученых-криминалистов раскрыты способы и формы информирования участников уголовного производства при проведении следственных (розыскных) и негласных следственных (розыскных) действий, иных процессуальных действий в стадии досудебного производства. В частности, рассматриваются особенности информирования участников уголовного производства при уведомлении о подозрении, при задержании лица как на основании определения следственного судьи, так и без такого, при избрании и применении мер пресечения. Анализируется процессуальный порядок информирования участников уголовного производства при окончании досудебного расследования в формах: составления постановления о прекращении уголовного производства; составления ходатайства об освобождении лица от уголовной ответственности и обращения с ним в суд; составления обвинительного акта; составления ходатайства о применении принудительных мер медицинского или воспитательного характера. Детально рассматриваются особенности информирования участников уголовного производства в судебном производстве с конкретизацией относительна судебного рассмотрения уголовного производства судом первой инстанции и пересмотра принятых решений в последующих стадиях уголовного процесса. Определяется специфика способов и порядка вызовов и уведомлений участников судебного производства, а также их информирования о содержании процессуальных актов судебного производства. Особое внимание уделяется перспективам информирования участников судебного производства при помощи реализации в Украине Концепции «Электронный суд». По результатам исследования сформулированы предложения, направленные на совершенствование уголовного процессуального закона в части, регламентирующей процессуальный порядок и элементы информирования участников уголовного судопроизводства в ходе досудебного расследования и судебного производства.Dissertation for tha academic degree of Candidate of Law Sciences in Speciality 12.00.09 - Criminal proceeding and criminalistics; court expertise; Operational search activity. - National University «Odesa Law Academy», Odesa 2013. Dissertation is devoted to the study of the complex concepts of order and procedural elements of information as the criminal procedure law, the activities of authorized entities, to ensure the effective implementation of the rights and legitimate interests of the criminal proceedings in its different stages, the institution of criminal procedure. The author discloses the historical process of the emergence and development of the institution informing the criminal justice process, clarified the nature, form and content of informing participants of criminal proceedings, the participants suggested a classification of information in criminal proceedings analyzed their legal status. On the basis of the current legislation and scientific works of forensic scientists uncovered the methods and forms of informing participants of criminal proceedings during the investigation (search) and covert investigation (search) operations, and other proceedings at the stage of pre-trial proceedings. The study makes proposals to improve the Criminal Procedure Law in the part that regulates the order and procedural elements of informing participants of criminal proceedings in the pre-trial investigation and court proceedings

Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity by diamide is reversed by epidermal growth factor in fibroblasts

AbstractDiamide (azodicarboxylic acid bis(dimethylamide)) inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in fibroblasts without altering protein tyrosine kinase activity associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor. The loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity caused by diamide is reversed by 2-mercaptoethanol or epidermal growth factor