Temporal analysis of barley breeding and production cycles in the Republic of Croatia

U proizvodnji ozimog ječma u razdoblju od 1970. do 2009. godine najznačajnije sorte su Ager, Satir, Mursa, Alkar, Alpha, Pan, Robur, Rodnik, Sladoran, Plaisant, Rex, Tiffany, Lord, Favorit, Zlatko Vanessa, Barun, a u proizvodnji jarog ječma sorte Union, Velebit, Berenice, Jaran, Gimpel, Astor, Scarlet, Matej, Prestige. U istraživanom četrdesetogodišnjem razdoblju ostvaren je državni prosjek uroda zrna ječma od 2.902 t/ha. Regresijskom analizom uroda zrna procijenili smo povećanje uroda zrna ječma od 47 kg/ha/godini. U pokusima od 1970.–2009. godine na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek najraširenije sorte u proizvodnji u pojedinom razdoblju ostvarile su prosječan urod zrna kod ozimog ječma od 7.685 t/ha, a kod jarog ječma 6,045 t/ha. Regresijskom analizom uroda zrna na temelju pokusa na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek procijenili smo povećanje uroda zrna kod ozimog ječma od 88 kg/ha/godini. Analizom varijance ANOVA procijenjeni su značajni učinci godine, lokaliteta i sorte za urod zrna i sadržaj bjelančevina. Među normama sjetve s 300 i 450 zrna/m2 nije utvrđena značajna razlika (F-test neopravdan) za urod zrna, hektolitarsku masu zrna i sadržaj škroba, a nije ustanovljena značajna interakcija sorta*norma sjetve za sva istraživana svojstva. Utvrđena je značajna interakcija godina*norma sjetve za urod zrna, hektolitarsku masu zrna i sadržaj bjelančevina. Za urod zrna, hektolitarsku masu zrna i sadržaj bjelančevina ustanovljene su značajne interakcije godina*lokalitet*norma sjetve (Y*L*D), godina*sorta (Y*G), sorta*lokalitet (G*L) i godina*sorta*lokalitet (Y*G*L). Najvišim urodima zrna, slične razine, izdvojile su se sorte Barun (7.545 t/ha), Bingo (7.490 t/ha), Gvozd (7.441 t/ha) i Zlatko (7.338 t/ha).The most important winter barley varieties in production through the period from 1970 to 2009 were, and some still are: Ager, Satir, Mursa, Alkar, Alpha, Pan, Robur, Rodnik, Sladoran, Plaisant, Rex, Tiffany, Lord, Favorit, Zlatko Vanessa, Barun; together with spring barley varieties: Union, Velebit, Berenice, Jaran, Gimpel, Astor, Scarlett, Matej, Prestige. During forty years of research, the state average for grain yield reached 2.902 t/ha. We have estimated by regression analysis the increase of grain yield by 47 kg/ha/year. The trials held in “Agricultural Institute Osijek” through 1970-2009 showed that represented varieties within highlighted periods achieved the average grain yield of 7.685 t/ha (winter types), and 6,045 t/ha (spring types). Results obtained from regression analysis for grain yield of winter barley types displayed the increase by 88 kg/ha/year. Assessment using analysis of variance (ANOVA) pointed out significant effects of year, locality and variety towards grain yield and protein content. There has been no significant difference (F-test unjustified) while using sowing rate as a factor (300 and 450 grains/m2) for grain yield, hectoliter grain mass and protein content. Also, variety*sowing rate interaction for all of the traits observed was insignificant. On the other hand, significant interaction year*sowing rate has been pointed out for the following traits: grain yield, hectoliter grain mass and protein content. A similar case reoccurred in interactions concerning year*locality*sowing rate (Y*L*D), year*variety (Y*G), variety*locality (V*L) and year*variety*locality (Y*V*L) for traits mentioned above. The highest in grain yield were varieties Barun (7.545 t/ha), Bingo (7.490 t/ha), Gvozd (7.441 t/ha) and Zlatko (7.338 t/ha)