Razvoj katastra nekretnina u Srbiji

This paper provides an overview development and the real estate cadastre maintenance in the Republic of Serbia. The State has recognized that an effective national property rights system is prerequisite for economic growth and broadening economic prosperity through the land and housing development, wise stewardship of national resources, increased use of property, increased property tax collection and efficient land markets. The State and International Development Association concluded the Development Credit for the Real Estate Cadastre and Registration Project in Serbia signing it in 2004. This paper also provides an overview of the existing records of real estates. It points out the advantages of the Real Estate Cadastre as the unified records of real estates and presents the current situation in the creation of the Real Estate Cadastre in Serbia.U ovom radu dan je pregled izrade i vođenja katastra nekretnina u Republici Srbiji. Država je prepoznala da je učinkoviti nacionalni sustav uknjižbe vlasničkih prava preduvjet za ekonomski rast i širenje gospodarskog prosperiteta kroz razvoj zemljišta i stanovanja, mudro upravljanje nacionalnim resursima, veće korištenje nekretnina, veće prikupljanje poreza na nekretnine te učinkovitije tržište nekretnina. Država i Međunarodna udruga za razvoj su 2004. godine potpisale ugovor o kreditu za Projekt izrade katastra nekretnina i uknjižbe u Srbiji. Ovaj rad također daje pregled postojećeg registra nekretnina, u kojem se ističu prednosti katastra nekretnina kao objedinjenog registra nekretnina te se opisuje postojeća situacija u procesu izrade katastra nekretnina u Srbiji

Transformations of Check Constraint PIM Specifications

Platform independent modeling of information systems and generation of their prototypes play an important role in software development process. However, not all tasks in this process have been covered yet, i.e. not all pieces of an information system can be designed using platform independent artifacts that are later transformable into the executable code. One of the examples is modeling of database check constraints, for which there is a lack of appropriate mechanisms to formally specify them on a platform independent level. In order to provide formal specification of check constraints at platform independent level, we developed a domain specific language and embedded it into a tool for platform independent design and automated prototyping of information systems, named Integrated Information Systems CASE (IIS*Case). In this paper, we present algorithms for transformation of check constraints specified at the platform independent level into the relational data model, and further transformation into the executable SQL/DDL code for several standard and commercial platforms: ANSI SQL-2003, Oracle 9i and 10g, and MS SQL Server 2000 and 2008. We have also implemented these algorithms in IIS*Case as a part of the process of generation of relational database schema

Human Resource Management in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia

Human Resource Management (HR/HRM) is closely connected to the social and economic environment in which a given organization or company operates. On this basis it may be interesting for foreign potential investors to understand both the differences and similarities in the application of HRM methods in a group of countries which had lived for a long period of time in a federation which had finally disintegrated. Such investors usually come from different environments and backgrounds and have previous experience in the application of specific forms of HRM practice. In this paper the authors try to present the development and changes in the theories and practice of Human Resource Management in most of the countries established on the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia.human resource management; economic environment; practices change; former Yugoslavia.

Adaptivni potencijal pasuljevog žiška za invaziju novih biljaka domaćina: obrasci reproduktivnog ponašanja populacija koje koriste različite biljke

The goal of this work was to examine interpopulation patterns in the reproductive behavior of populations of bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say; Coleoptera: Bruchidae) that had different levels of specialization on their native host plant – the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), as well as on a novel host plant – the chickpea (Cicer arietinum Thorn). The obtained pattern of interpopulation mating behavior seemed exactly as if the males on chickpea had evolved a specific odor and/or a courtship ritual that females of populations on bean found repulsive. Unlike females, the males of bean populations seemed to be willing to mate with females from the population on chickpea equally as with their own females. Such an asymmetric pattern of reproductive isolation between populations of a species has been often considered an initial phase of a process of speciation. Thus, our results could be a good starting point for further, thorough examination of both the role of the level of host specialization in females and the role of biochemical characteristics of male pheromone (and/or their cuticular hydrocarbones) in the evolution of pre-reproductive isolation between insect populations. As the results of this study, together those of previous studies on A. obtectus, suggest great evolutionary potential for invasions of and fast specialization on novel host plants, they could provide valuable information for the development of long-term strategies under the programmes of Integrated Pest Management.Cilj ovog eksperimenta je bio da se u populacijama pasuljevog žiška (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say; Coleoptera: Bruchidae) koje su imale različit nivo specijalizacije na prirodnog domaćina – pasulj (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) i novog domaćina – naut (Cicer arietinum Thorn), ispitaju obrasci reproduktivnog ponašanja u njihovom međusobnom ukrštanju. Dobijeni obrazac ukrštanja izgledao je tačno kao da su mužjaci iz populacije sa nauta vremenom razvili specifičan miris, i/ili ritual, pri parenju koji je za ženke iz populacija sa pasulja bio odbojan. Za razliku od ženki, mužjaci iz populacja sa pasulja bili su jednako voljni da se pare, kako sa ženkama iz svojih, tako i sa ženkama iz populacije sa nauta. Ovakav, asimetrični obrazac reproduktivnog ponašanja različitih populacija jedne vrste često se smatra početnom fazom u procesu nastanka novih vrsta. Stoga, naši rezultati mogu biti značajni kao polazna osnova za dalja, temeljna ispitivanja, kako uloge nivoa specijalizacije na biljku domaćina kod ženki, tako i uloge biohemijskih karakteristika muškog seksualnog feromona (ili kutikularnih hidrokarbona) u procesu evolucije pre-reproduktivnih mehanizama reproduktivne izolacije kod insekata. Takođe, s obzirom da ovi i rezultati prethodnih studija sprovedenih na A. obtectus govore u prilog velikog evolucionog potencijala ovog insekta za invaziju i brzu specijalizaciju na nove biljke domaćine, oni mogu poslužiti kao vredna informacija pri razvoju dugoročnih strategija u okviru programa integrativne borbe protiv štetočina

Interannual variation in life history traits between neighbouring populations of the widespread amphibian Bufo bufo

Life-history variation within and among populations of widespread amphibian species has attracted much attention so far. In relation to a variety of problems (e.g. climate change, large-scale clines, conservation), this information is needed not only on broad geographic scale, but also at local level and from year to year. In this study, we investigated variation in body size and life history traits, including age, fecundity and egg size, in two neighbouring populations of a widespread amphibian, the Common Toad Bufo bufo, during a 3-year period. Body size varied significantly between populations in males only, but not between years. Age was assessed by skeletochronology, and osteometrical analyses revealed a complete endosteal resorption of the first line of arrested growth in 1.1 % of the individuals and a partial resorption in 77 % of the individuals. Age structures did not differ significantly between sexes, populations, nor between years. Age at first reproduction was one year later in females than in males in both populations (4 vs 3 years), but adult survival rates did not differ between sexes. Fecundity did not differ between populations or years, but egg size varied between years. Fecundity increased with size, but not with age of females. This lack of significant interpopulation variation in age structure and reproductive traits is important for monitoring local populations which can be exposed to various potential disturbance factors. On the other hand, these results stress the importance of analysing temporal variation in life history traits because one-year data may not represent properly the reproductive features of a population, and this issue is becoming more so important with the growing interest in climate changes and its possible effects on amphibian populationsLes variations intra- et interpopulationnelles des traits d'histoire de vie chez les amphibiens à grande aire de répartition font l'objet d'une attention soutenue. Pour de nombreux problèmes (e.g. les changements climatiques, variations clinales, conservation), cette information est nécessaire, non seulement à une large échelle géographique, mais aussi au niveau local et d'une année à une autre. Dans cette étude nous avons étudié durant trois années successives les variations de la taille corporelle, de l'âge et des traits d'histoire de vie, y compris la fécondité et la taille des oeufs, dans deux populations voisines du Crapaud commun Bufo bufo, une espèce à grande aire de répartition. La taille corporelle des mâles varie significativement entre les populations mais pas d'une année à une autre. L'âge a été déterminé par squelettochronologie et les analyses ostéologiques révèlent une résorption endostéale complète de la première ligne d'arrêt de croissance chez 1,1 % des individus et une résorption partielle chez 77 % des individus. Les structures d'âge ne différent pas entre les sexes, les populations, ni entre les années. Les femelles se reproduisent pour la première fois un an après les mâles dans les deux populations (4 vs 3 ans), mais le taux de survie des adultes ne diffère pas entre les sexes. La fécondité ne varie pas entre les populations ou les années, mais la taille des oeufs change d'une année à une autre. La fécondité augmente avec la taille, mais pas avec l'âge des femelles. Cette absence de variation de la structure d'âge et des paramètres de la reproduction est importante pour la surveillance des populations locales qui peuvent être exposées à divers facteurs de perturbation potentiels. Ces résultats soulignent également l'importance d'analyser les variations temporelles des traits d'histoire de vie car les données d'une année peuvent ne pas représenter correctement les caractéristiques de la reproduction d'une population, cette question étant exacerbée par l'intérêt croissant sur l'impact possible des changements climatiques sur les populations d'amphibiens

Application of different combinations of lactic acid, phototrophic bacteria and yeast mixtures in control of seed and seedlings pathogens of tomato and pepper

Application of three combinations of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus), phototrophic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with sugar cane molasses, marked as: EM1, EM5 and EM AGRO, against the phytopathogenic fungi of tomato and pepper: Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum sp., Verticilium dahliae and Pythium aphanidermatum was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A combination of bacteria and yeast named EM5 showed the highest mycelium growth inhibition against B. cinerea (38.4%) in a double agar diffusion test. In a microdilution test, the combination EM1 showed the highest inhibitory effect on B. cinerea (MIC 1x10-3 μl/ml), while EM5 showed a similar inhibitory effect towards F. oxysporum, A. alternata and Colletotrichum sp. (MIC 10 μl/ml). The use of EM1 (in concentrations 10 and 100 μl/ml) and EM AGRO (10 μl/ml) is recommended for tomato seedling protection. ЕМ1 (100 μl/ml), ЕМ5 and ЕМ AGRO (10 μl/ml) are recommended for pepper seedling protection

Toksičnost fungicida različitog mehanizma delovanja prema izolatima Didymella pinodella poreklom sa graška

Didymella pinodella – prozrokovač crne pegavosti graška je najrazornija bolest graška širom sveta koja, u zavisnosti od uslova sredine i kvaliteta graška, može usloviti gubitke prinosa od 28 do 88%. U ovom radu, u in vitro uslovima, ispitan je uticaj fungicida različitog mehanizma delovanja na izolate D. pinodella poreklom sa graška. Izolati D. pinodella korišćeni u ispitivanjima, poreklom su sa lista i mahuna graška, kolekcionisani tokom 2023 godine iz lokaliteta Trbušac i Skupljen (okolina Šapca) i deo su kolekcije fitopatogenih gljiva Instituta za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu (Beograd). Ispitivana je osetljivost gljive prema četiri kombinacije komercijalnih fungicida: ciprodinil + fludioksonil, fluksapiroksad + difenokonazol, azoksistrobin + difenokonazol i difenokonazol a kao standard je korišćen azoksistrobin. Primenjeni su fungicidi u početnoj preporučenoj koncentraciji primene: ciprodinil + fludioksonil (25μg/10ml vode), fluksapiroksad + difenokonazol (100μl/10ml vode), azoksistrobin + difenokonazol (50μl/10ml vode), difenokonazol (25μl/10ml vode) i azoksistrobin (50μl/10ml vode). Za ispitivanje antifungalne aktivnosti fungicida korišćena je mikrodiluciona metoda na miktrotitarskim pločama. Određivanje minimalnih inhibitornih koncentracija (MIC) vršeno je pomoću skale razređenja primenjenih fungicida od 10-1 do 10-9 u krompir dekstroznom tečnom medijumu u četiri ponavljanja. Na kraju je dodavano 10 μl suspenzije micelije u tečni medijum finalne zapremine od 100 μl. Mikrotitarske pločice inkubirane su u termostatu na 25°C u trajanju od 14 dana. Najniža koncentracija na kojoj nije bilo rasta micelije uzimana je za minimalnu inhibitornu koncentraciju (MIC). Najviši stepen tokstičnosti ispoljila je kombinacija azoksistrobina i difenokonazola, sa prosečnom vrednosti minimalne koncentracije inhibicije od 0,003 μl/ml; zatim kombinacija ciprodinila i fludioksonila - MIC 0,02 μg/ml; kombinacija fluksapiroksada i difenokonazola - MIC 0,08 μl/ml, dok je najnižu toksičnost ispoljio difenokonazol - MIC 0,2 μl/ml

Colletotrichum orbiculare on watermelon - identification and in vitro inhibition by antagonistic fungi

Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare is one of the most significant diseases of Cucurbitaceae. In Serbia watermelon fruits with typical anthracnose lesions were collected during the year of 2015. Affected fruits showed sunken, dark brown to black lesions with orange conidial masses produced in black acervuli. In an attempt to identify the causal organism, small pieces of necrotic tissue were surface sterilized and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Macroscopic and microscopic morphologicaly characteristics of three isolates were observed after growth on PDA for 7 days at 25 ºC under a 12 h light/dark cycle. Fungal colonies developed white, grey to black dense aerial mycelium. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, straight and cylindrical to clavate, 9–12.5 μm × 4–5.5 μm. Fungal isolates were also characterized by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region using ITS1F/ITS4 primers and β-tubuline 2 gene using T1/Bt2b primers. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS Acc. No. KT454386, KT454387 and KT454388; β-tubuline 2 gene Acc. No. KT581236, KT581237 and KT581238). BLAST analysis of ITS and β-tubuline 2 gene sequences showed that our isolates were 100% identical to other C. orbiculare in NCBI GenBank. Pathogenicity test was conducted on symptomless, detached watermelon fruits. All tested isolates caused anthracnose lesions on watermelon fruits after 10 days of incubation. Trichoderma harzianum (DSM 63059) and Gliocladium roseum (DSM 62726) were evaluated in vitro for their antagonistic potential against C. orbiculare. The results of this study identify T. harzianum and G. roseum as promising biological control agents (BCAs) for further testing against anthracnose disease on watermelon fruits

Antifungal activity of plant essential oils to the Fusarium verticillioides originated from garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most cultivated Allium species worldwide. Many viral, fungal and bacterial diseases attack garlic plants and can be a limiting factor to garlic production. Fungal diseases control is mainly conducted by fungicides, which have detrimental impact on the environment. In this work, we explore the possibility of utilizing essential oils (EOs) as antifungal agents against a fungal isolate originated from symptomatic garlic cloves from Kraljevci locality, Srem District, Serbia, morphologically and molecularly identified as Fusarium verticillioides. EOs used in this study originated from several medicinal plants: Turkish pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and myrtle (Myrtus communis). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by microdilution method in 96 well microtiter plates. Microtiter plates were incubated for five days at 28°C. The experiment was repeated four times with trifloxystrobin as a positive control. The lowest concentrations without visible growth were defined as the minimal concentrations inhibiting fungal growth. Fungal spores were washed from the surface of potato dextrose agar (PDA) and spore suspension was adjusted to a concentration of approximately 5.0x104 in a final volume of 100μl per well. The values of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out by Duncan’s multiple range tests. An analysis of variance was performed on MIC data for four EOs applied on F. verticillioides. A significance was evaluated at p<0.05. STATISTICA v.7 (StatSoft, Inc.) was used for statistical analyses. The results of the antimicrobial activity of EOs using microdilution method showed a wide range of antifungal activity against F. verticillioides. The basil EO proved to be the most potent one (MIC-0,325±5,10μg/mL), followed by oregano (MIC-0,775±0,05μg/mL), myrtle (MIC-5,5±0,05μg/mL) and Turkish pickling herb (MIC-55±5,10μg/mL). The data obtained here suggest that the selected EOs can be applied as inhibitors to prevent growth of the phytopathogenic fungus F. verticillioides