THE FIGHT AGAINST FRAUD AND TAX EVASION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. THE PROTECTION OF COMMUNITY FINANCIAL INTERESTS IN ROMANIA

The European Union budget is financed by taxes paid by European taxpayers andserves for the development of projects of common interest. The European Community and itsMember States attach great importance to its protection, both in terms of proper collection of taxesand duties and also in terms of proper use of appropriations. This is one of the priorities of theinstitutions involved, as an obligation imposed by the Treaty establishing the EuropeanCommunity. The protection of European Union financial interests involve the detection, controland effective monitorising of fraud and any other illegal acts which result form the misuse of EUfunds and thus prejudicing the Community budget. Cooperation between national authorities andbetween them and EU institutions is a prerequisite for successful fight against fraud. In Romania,national coordinator of the fight against fraud, with responsibilities in control line use ofcommunity funds is European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF).OLAF, DLAF, European funds, fraud

Blood Pressure over Height Ratios: Simple and Accurate Method of Detecting Elevated Blood Pressure in Children

Background. Blood pressure (BP) percentiles in childhood are assessed according to age, gender, and height. Objective. To create a simple BP/height ratio for both systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). To study the relationship between BP/height ratios and corresponding BP percentiles in children. Methods. We analyzed data on height and BP from 2006-2007 NHANES data. BP percentiles were calculated for 3775 children. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to calculate sensitivity and specificity of BP/height ratios as diagnostic tests for elevated BP (>90%). Correlation analysis was performed between BP percentiles and BP/height ratios. Results. The average age was 12.54 ± 2.67 years. SBP/height and DBP/height ratios strongly correlated with SBP & DBP percentiles in both boys (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.85, R2 = 0.86) and girls (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.85, R2 = 0.90). The cutoffs of SBP/height and DBP/height ratios in boys were ≥0.75 and ≥0.46, respectively; in girls the ratios were ≥0.75 and ≥0.48, respectively with sensitivity and specificity in range of 83–100%. Conclusion. BP/height ratios are simple with high sensitivity and specificity to detect elevated BP in children. These ratios can be easily used in routine medical care of children

Comparative Analysis of the Adoption of the Euro. Case Study: Slovenia and Slovakia.

The Maastricht Treaty states certain criterias that have to be achieved in order for a EU Member State to qualify in undergoing the 3rd stage of UEM, the introduction of the euro. Slovenia followed a plan based-cooperation between government and national bank, with a clear strategy, adopted the euro on January 1, 2007. Slovakia instead, even though it followed a well defined managed to adopt the euro two years later in 2009.Economic and monetary union, convergence criteria, fiscal developments

ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENT - STRATEGIC, INTEGRATIVE AND CONVERGENT APPROACH OF THE FINANCIAL FLOWS FOR A REGENERATIVE (INDUSTRIAL) ECONOMY

The research aimed to evaluate the concept of resourceseconomy- environment complex network, under the conditions of composite and interactive financing projects for environmental protection, with elements which derive from such notion. Within this context, the paper analyses the topic of interaction and convergence of the processes of integration and globalization of the economic and financial needs, requirements, interests and technologies, building the methodological and conceptual support needed to connect the Romanian activities and sectors to the world movement of the regenerative economy. The paper reveals the complex problem of the resourceseconomy- environment relation, as well as the multidimensional perspective of these elements, with financial resonances both at the level of the economic subjects with polluting behaviours, and at the level of communities, regions, country and cross-border regionsnetwork project, regenerative economy, sources and mechanisms to finance environmental protection and sustainability