Problems of Determining the Intensity of Intrinsic Forces by Section of Bronchoplastic Interventions in Malignant Lung Diseases

The paper analyzes the problem with concomitant emergent factors. To solve it, a model of variable intrapulmonary bronchus stiffness coefficient is proposed, providing control of determining the internal forces and finding out the nature of their distribution along the section

ВЛИЯНИЕ ГЕНОТИПА ОГУРЦА НА ПОВРЕЖДАЕМОСТЬ ОБЫКНОВЕННЫМ ПАУТИННЫМ КЛЕЩОМ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ

Due to the growing variety of vegetables, the impact of genotypic parameters of plants on pest resistance and efficiency of biological specimens is of high importance when selecting and creating new varieties and hybrids. The researchers found out the significant differences in stability of parental forms, hybrids and cucumber varieties of the Siberian selection in relation to twospotted spider mite. The paper finds out relatively resistant parental forms - ZhL-4 and GP-61/b, and also samples of the paternal form - GF-7 and a maternal line - ZhL-9 damaged by a phytophage in a strong degree have been defined rather steady against a phytophage. High acaricidal effect of Phytoverm was found on all studied varietal samples, however the most effective biospecimen restrained development of the pest on plants of  relatively resistant to phytophage of female line ZL-4. Reproduction of the twospotted spider phytoseiulus did not depend on genotypic features of parental forms, varieties and hybrids of cucumbers. The number of acarifages increased by 7.8-8.2 times in two weeks after appearance on the plants inhabited by spider mite in comparison with the initial number, as a result of which the damage rate of plants by the pest of most cultivars decreased, and in male forms practically did not change (GF-19) or slightly increased (GF-7). According to biochemical parameters, cucumber varieties with different degree of resistance to phytophage differed in dry matter content. Non-resistant to twospotted spider mite female forms LL-9, LL-12/1 and Nadezhda variety contained the lowest concentration of dry matter (5.4%), the highest amount of dry matter was observed in female line LL-4, which has the highest pest resistance (6.0%). Since the inherited traits are predominantly transmitted by the maternal component and the paternal form enhances these properties, it is important to assess not only the yield and flavour qualities but also the degree of resistance of parental forms to pests when selecting cucumber varieties and hybrids.В условиях постоянно пополняющегося сортового ассортимента овощных культур изучение влияния генотипических свойств растений на устойчивость к вредителям и эффективность биологических средств защиты является актуальным еще на этапе селекционного процесса создания новых сортов и гибридов. В экспериментах выявлены существенные различия по устойчивости родительских форм, гибридов и сортов огурца сибирской селекции по отношению к обыкновенному паутинному клещу. При естественном заселении растений и на фоне применения биологических средств защиты были определены относительно устойчивые к фитофагу родительские формы – ЖЛ-4 и ГП-61/б, а также повреждаемые фитофагом в сильной степени образцы отцовской формы – ГФ-7 и материнской линии – ЖЛ-9. Высокий акарицидный эффект Фитоверма был зафиксирован на всех изучаемых сортообразцах, однако наиболее эффективно биопрепарат сдерживал развитие вредителя на растениях относительно устойчивой к фитофагу женской линии ЖЛ-4. Размножение хищного клеща фитосейулюса не зависело от генотипических особенностей родительских форм, сортов и гибридов огурца. Численность акарифага через две недели после выпуска на заселенные паутинным клещом растения увеличилась в 7,8–8,2 раза по сравнению с первоначальным количеством, в результате чего балл поврежденности растений вредителем большинства сортообразцов снижался, а у мужских форм практически не изменялся (ГФ-19) или незначительно увеличивался (ГФ-7). По биохимическим показателям сортообразцы огурца с разной степенью устойчивости к фитофагу различались по содержанию сухого вещества. Неустойчивые к паутинному клещу женские формы ЖЛ-9, ЖЛ-12/1 и сорт Надежда содержали наименьшее количество сухого вещества (5,4%), больше всего сухого вещества обнаружено у женской линии ЖЛ-4, обладающей наибольшей устойчивостью к вредителю (6,0%). Поскольку наследуемые признаки передаются преимущественно материнским компонентом, а отцовская форма усиливает эти свойства, при селекции сортов и гибридов огурца важно оценивать не только урожайность и вкусовые качества, но и степень устойчивости родительских форм к вредителям

[Analysis of clusterin gene (CLU/APOJ) polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease patients and in normal cohorts from Russian populations].

Three genes mutations in which cause familial forms of Alzheimer's disease are known to date:PSEN1, PSEN2 and APP; and APOE gene polymorphism is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. We have evaluated allele and genotype frequency distribution of rs11136000 polymorphism in clusterin (CLU) gene (or apolipoprotein J, APOJ) in populations of three Russian regions and i nAlzheimhner's diseasepatients. Genome-wideassociation studies in samples from several European populations have recently revealed highly significant association o fCLU gene with AD (p = 8.5 x 10(-10)). We found no differences in allele and genotype frequencies of rs11136000 between populations from Moscow, Ural and Siberia regions. The allele frequencies are close to those in European populations. The genetic association analysis in cohort of Alzheimer's disease patients and normal individuals (>500 individuals ineach group) revealed no significant association of the rs11136000 polymorphism in CLU with Alzheimer's disease in Russian populations. Although our resultsdo not confirm the role of CLU gene as a majorgenetic factor forcommon form of Alzheimer's disease, the data do not rule out the possibility of modest effect of CLU and interaction between CLU and APOE genotypes in etiology of Alzheimer's disease

Safety of Pembroria® during non-medical switching from Keytruda® in patients with advanced malignant neoplasms of various localizations: the REFLECTION real-world study

Background. Post-registration observational studies with switching therapy from the original drug to a biosimilar for non-medical indications allow us to assess the safety and effectiveness of this type of switching in real clinical practice. Aim. Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of non-medical switching from the original drug Keytruda® to the biosimilar drug Pembroria® in patients with various oncological pathologies in real clinical practice (REFLECTION). Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records from 21 medical institutions of the Russian Federation for the period 2020–2023 was carried out. Data were included from patients with cancer of various locations who received at least 2 injections of Keytruda® followed by switching to Pembroria® for non-medical indications (at least 2 injections). Primary criteria: incidence of immune-mediated adverse reactions (ImARs) of any severity. Secondary indicators: incidence of ImARs of various degrees of severity and infusion reactions, frequency of objective response rate (according to RECIST 1.1 criteria). Results. The analysis included data from 382 patients (male/female 200/182, median age 62 years) with NSCLC (24.1%), RCC (23.3%), melanoma (20.4%) and cancer of other localization. Patients received Keytruda® on 1st and 2nd lines (54.2 and 25.4% of patients, respectively), on 3 or 4 lines (14.1%), or as part of adjuvant therapy (6.3%). 50.5% of patients received pembrolizumab as monotherapy. The median number of administrations was 7.0 and 5.0 for Keytruda® and Pembroria®, respectively. ImARs were registered in 44 (11.5%) patients (60 ImARs), including 40 ImARs in 35 (9.2%) patients while using Keytruda® and 20 ImARs in 17 (2.4%) patients with Pembroria®. The most common ImARs were hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hepatitis; the frequency of these ImARs was higher with Keytruda® (EAER for hypothyroidism 0.00422 and 0.00144, for hepatitis – 0.00124 and 0.00096, respectively). All 5 reported cases of hyperthyroidism in patients on Keytruda® (EAER 0.00124), were resolved before switching to Pembroria®. No infusion-related reactions or deaths due to ImARs have been reported. The objective response rate was comparable – 104 (32.6%) and 90 (29.2%) patients оn Keytruda® and Pembroria® therapy, respectively. Most patients maintained disease control after switching to Pembroria® [progression was recorded in 29 (9.4%) patients after switching to a biosimilar]. Conclusion. The safety profiles of Keytruda® and Pembroria® were satisfactory and comparable in this study. Switching from therapy with Keytruda® to Pembroria® is not accompanied by an increase in the frequency or severity of ImARs. Switching from Keytruda® to Pembroria® maintains disease control in most patients