Association between Immunogenicity of a Monovalent Parenteral P2-VP8 Subunit Rotavirus Vaccine and Fecal Shedding of Rotavirus following Rotarix Challenge during a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

A correlate of protection for rotavirus (RV) has not been consistently identified. Shedding of RV following an oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) challenge has been investigated as a potential model to assess protection of parenteral RV vaccines. We previously showed that shedding of a challenge ORV dose was significantly reduced among recipients of a parenteral monovalent RV subunit vaccine (P2-VP8-P[8]) compared to placebo recipients. This secondary data analysis assessed the association between fecal shedding of RV, as determined by ELISA one week after receipt of a Rotarix challenge dose at 18 weeks of age, and serum RV-specific antibody responses, one and six months after vaccination with the third dose of the P2-VP8-P[8] vaccine or placebo. We did not find any association between serum RV-specific immune responses measured one month post-P2-VP8-P[8] vaccination and fecal shedding of RV post-challenge. At nine months of age, six months after the third P2-VP8-P[8] or placebo injection and having received three doses of Rotarix, infants shedding RV demonstrated higher immune responses than non-shedders, showing that RV shedding is reflective of vaccine response following ORV. Further evaluation is needed in a larger sample before fecal shedding of an ORV challenge can be used as a measure of field efficacy in RV vaccine trials

Association between immunogenicity of a monovalent parenteral P2-VP8 subunit rotavirus vaccine and fecal shedding of rotavirus following Rotarix challenge during a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS : TABLE S1: Baseline demographic and clinical factors between rotavirus shedders and non-shedders, as determined by ELISA, stratified by vaccination status: three injections of P2-VP8-P[8] vaccine (30 g and 60 g doses; n = 91) or placebo (n = 44); FIGURE S1: Schedule of events for infants.DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to a clinical trial agreement with PATH Vaccine Solutions.A correlate of protection for rotavirus (RV) has not been consistently identified. Shedding of RV following an oral rotavirus vaccine (ORV) challenge has been investigated as a potential model to assess protection of parenteral RV vaccines. We previously showed that shedding of a challenge ORV dose was significantly reduced among recipients of a parenteral monovalent RV subunit vaccine (P2-VP8-P[8]) compared to placebo recipients. This secondary data analysis assessed the association between fecal shedding of RV, as determined by ELISA one week after receipt of a Rotarix challenge dose at 18 weeks of age, and serum RV-specific antibody responses, one and six months after vaccination with the third dose of the P2-VP8-P[8] vaccine or placebo. We did not find any association between serum RV-specific immune responses measured one month post-P2-VP8-P[8] vaccination and fecal shedding of RV post-challenge. At nine months of age, six months after the third P2-VP8-P[8] or placebo injection and having received three doses of Rotarix, infants shedding RV demonstrated higher immune responses than non-shedders, showing that RV shedding is reflective of vaccine response following ORV. Further evaluation is needed in a larger sample before fecal shedding of an ORV challenge can be used as a measure of field efficacy in RV vaccine trials.The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/virusesam2023Medical VirologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Acute Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Portugal: A Multicentre Study

Introduction and aims: Considering the limited data on rotavirus (RV) disease in Portugal, this study aimed to estimate the proportion of RV acute gastroenteritis (AG) among Emergency Service (ES) visits in several centres in the country and characterise its clinical and molecular profile. Methods: Prospective, multicentre, observational study of children aged <5 years, with AG, attending ten paediatric ES, between October 2008 and September 2009. Demographic and clinical data were collected. RV positive samples were genotyped by PCR. Results: 1846 children were included, 58% male, mean age 19.3±14.4 months. Stools tested positive for RV in 28.3% (95% CI, 26.2-30.4%), with a higher prevalence in the winter and spring and in children aged 7 to 24 months. The most frequent genotypes were G4P[8] (46%) and G1P[8] (37%), with a geographical trend from north to south. Children with RVAG were more likely to have fever, vomiting, weight loss, dehydration and need for hospitalization (p<0,001 for all comparisons) and, therefore, more severe disease than RV negative cases. Conclusions: During the study period, RVAG in Portuguese children aged <5 years accounted for a great burden in the healthcare system, requiring care in the ES and hospitalisation. There were important differences in genotype prevalence among regions. In the era of RV vaccines, this knowledge is important for policy decisions concerning disease prevention and to monitor trends of RV molecular epidemiology.Os dados sobre diarreia por rotavírus em Portugal são limitados. Este estudo teve como objectivo estimar a proporção de gastroenterite aguda por este vírus em crianças observadas em serviços de urgência de vários hospitais do país e analisar as suas características clínicas e moleculares. Estudo prospectivo, multicêntrico, observacional, incluindo crianças como menos de 5 anos, com gastroenterite aguda, observadas em 10 serviços de urgência pediátricos, entre outubro de 2008 e setembro de 2009. Foram recolhidos dados demográfico e clínicos. as amostras positivas de rotavírus foram genotipadas por reacção em cadeia da polimerase. Foram incluídas 1846 crianças, 58% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 19,3 +- 14,4 meses. Foi identificado rotavírus nas fezes em 28,3% (intervalo de confiança 95%, 26,2-30,4%), com maior proporção no inverno e na primavera e em crianças com idade de 7-24 meses. Os genótipos mais frequentes foram G4P(8) (46%) e G1P(8) (37%), com variações de norte para sul. As crianças com gastroenterite por rotavírus tinham probabilidade significativamente superior (p<0,001) de ter febre, vómitos, perda de peso, desidratação e necessidade de internamento, comparativamente aos casos negativos para rotavírus. A gastroenterite aguda por rotavírus em crianças portuguesas com idade inferior a 5 anos associou-se a maior morbilidade e hospitalização do que nos casos sem identificação de rotavírus. Houve diferenças importantes na distribuição dos genótipos entre as regiões. Na era das vacinas contra o rotavírus, este conhecimento é importante para as decisões relativas à prevenção da doença e para monitorizar tendências da epidemiologia molecular do rotavírusinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Revista Integración & Comercio: Número especial: 35 años del INTAL : 1965-2000

La Revista Integración & Comercio del BID incluye artículos referidos a las distintas manifestaciones del proceso de integración en América Latina y el Caribe, a la integración hemisférica y, también, a los procesos con igual orientación que se llevan a cabo en otras partes del mundo. En este número, en conmemoración de los 35 años de su creación, el Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe (INTAL), publica aquí una serie de los principales artículos aparecidos en varias de sus revistas a lo largo de su existencia. La selección comprende contribuciones que abordan algunas de las distintas dimensiones en que todo proceso de integración puede concebirse. Además, se ha querido que, en lo posible, esas contribuciones se refieran a distintos esquemas de integración de América Latina y el Caribe.

Gastroenterite Aguda por Rotavírus em Portugal: Estudo Multicêntrico

Introduction and aims: Considering the limited data on rotavirus (RV) disease in Portugal, this study aimed to estimate the proportion of RV acute gastroenteritis (AG) among Emergency Service (ES) visits in several centres in the country and characterise its clinical and molecular profile. Methods: Prospective, multicentre, observational study of children aged &lt;5 years, with AG, attending ten paediatric ES, between October 2008 and September 2009. Demographic and clinical data were collected. RV positive samples were genotyped by PCR. Results: 1846 children were included, 58% male, mean age 19.3±14.4 months. Stools tested positive for RV in 28.3% (95% CI, 26.2-30.4%), with a higher prevalence in the winter and spring and in children aged 7 to 24 months. The most frequent genotypes were G4P[8] (46%) and G1P[8] (37%), with a geographical trend from north to south. Children with RVAG were more likely to have fever, vomiting, weight loss, dehydration and need for hospitalization (p&lt;0,001 for all comparisons) and, therefore, more severe disease than RV negative cases. Conclusions: During the study period, RVAG in Portuguese children aged &lt;5 years accounted for a great burden in the healthcare system, requiring care in the ES and hospitalisation. There were important differences in genotype prevalence among regions. In the era of RV vaccines, this knowledge is important for policy decisions concerning disease prevention and to monitor trends of RV molecular epidemiology

Octubre y el derecho a la resistencia : revuelta popular y neoliberalismo autoritario en Ecuador

Entre defensivo y anticipatorio, el Paro Nacional repuso al pueblo en el campo político. La vía neoliberal, abierta sorpresivamente desde 2017, había conseguido asentar cierta idea del Estado austero como única forma de reparación social y ética ante los "excesos del dispendioso y corrupto gobierno populista" (sic.). En su progresiva implantación, sin embargo, la austeridad combinó el desfinanciamiento de sectores de provisión de servicios públicos masivos, política de precarización del trabajo y recurrentes exenciones tributarias para grandes grupos económicos. Dicho combo de políticas fue ratificado con el Decreto 883. Quienes comparten más o menos similares experiencias de injusticia o entornos de privación como efecto de tales políticas se encontraron en Octubre