Optimal Design and Planning of Biodiesel Supply Chain with Land Competition

Fil: Andersen, Federico. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI). CONICET; Argentina.Fil: Iturmendi, Facundo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI). CONICET; Argentina.Fil: Espinosa, Susana N. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, María S. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI). CONICET; Argentina.In this work we propose an MILP multiperiod formulation for the optimal design and planning of the Argentinean biodiesel supply chain, considering land competition and alternative raw materials. The country is divided into twenty three regions, each one including existing crops, oil and biodiesel plants and potential ones. The model includes intermediate and final products, i.e., seed, flour, pellets and expellers, oil, pure and blending biodiesel and glycerol. Crop fields, storage and production plants, as well as distribution centers for internal and external markets are also represented. We consider the possibility of sowing energetic crops, such as Jatropha curcas, in marginal areas. The time horizon is of seven years, divided into 84 periods. The mathematical model has been implemented in GAMS providing a powerful decision-making tool that can be applied to other regions or countries by adjusting specific data.En este trabajo, proponemos una formulación de múltiples períodos MILP para el diseño y la planificación óptimos de la cadena de suministro de biodiésel argentino, considerando la competencia de la tierra y las materias primas alternativas. El país está dividido en veintitrés regiones, cada una incluyendo cultivos existentes, plantas de aceite y biodiesel y potenciales. El modelo incluye productos intermedios y finales, es decir, semillas, harina, pellets y expulsores, aceite, biodiesel puro y de mezcla y glicerol. También están representados los campos de cultivo, las plantas de almacenamiento y producción, así como los centros de distribución para los mercados internos y externos. Consideramos la posibilidad de sembrar cultivos energéticos, como Jatropha curcas, en áreas marginales. El horizonte temporal es de siete años, dividido en 84 períodos. El modelo matemático se ha implementado en GAMS proporcionando una poderosa herramienta de toma de decisiones que se puede aplicar a otras regiones o países mediante el ajuste de datos específicos

Compost de orujo de pera y manzana como alternativa en la producción de plantines de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Fil: Maldonado, Jorge Federico. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Agüero, Marta Susana. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Buglione, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Iturmendi, Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Filippi, Marcela Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Martínez, Daniel Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Originales: Recepción: 12/04/2020 - Aceptación: 24/11/2020Alternative substrates replacing non-renewable resources like pet, for growing media in horticulture, have gained importance. This work aimed to evaluate if pear and apple pomace compost could constitute an alternative to a commercial substrate for tomato seedlings production. Two experiments were carried out on trays with 100 cm 3 alveoli (experiment 1) and 30 cm 3 alveoli (experiment 2). In experiment 1, three substrates were used: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C) and pure compost (C). In experiment 2 a fourth treatment with a mixture of compost and perlite (C+P) was incorporated. The obtained results indicated that seedling devlopment using CS+C and CS as substrates, was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3 . In addition, seedling growth on C+P in relation to CS, showed similar or higher values for some variables. These results indicate that replacing non-renewable resources such as peat in tomato seedling production, with a product obtained from a residue, would be feasible.La búsqueda de sustratos alternativos para reemplazar los recursos no renovables como la turba utilizada en medios de cultivo en horticultura, resulta importante. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si el compost de orujo de pera y manzana podría usarse como una alternativa a un sustrato comercial para la producción de plantines de tomate. Se realizaron dos experimentos en bandejas con alvéolos de 100 cm3 (experimento 1) y 30 cm 3 (experimento 2). En el experimento 1, se usaron tres sustratos: sustrato comercial (CS), mezcla de CS y compost de orujo (CS + C) y compost puro (C). En el experimento 2 se incorporó un cuarto tratamiento con una mezcla de compost y perlita (C + P). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que el desarrollo de los plantines usando CS + C y CS como sustrato fue similar celdas de 100 cm3 y mayor en celdas de 30 cm 3 . Además, el crecimiento de los plantines en C + P en relación con CS mostró valores similares o más altos en algunas variables. Estos resultados indicaron que sería factible reemplazar el uso de recursos no renovables como la turba en la producción de plantines de tomate por un producto obtenido de un residuo

Efecto de enmienda con compost de orujo de pera sobre la producción de forraje de Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

The juicing industries generate large volumes of pomace, being composting an ecological alternative to recycle this residual organic matter. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of forage in the cultivation of "Hungarian millet" cv. "Colorada Gigante" in response to the addition of variable doses of pear pomace compost to a sodium saline soil. An organic amendment of 0; 30; 60; and 90 t.ha–1 (dry weight content 79%) was used, evaluating plant development through plant height (AP) and dry weight (PS) at the start of panning of the crop. The results obtained showed that only the application of 90 t.ha–1 caused a significant increase of AP and PS, also observing a linear correlation between plant height and dry weight (R2 = 0.8). The observed effects allow to affirm that with the addition of this organic amendment it is possible to increase its production in suboptimal conditions related to the type of soil and date of planting.Las industrias jugueras generan grandes volúmenes de orujo, siendo el compostaje una alternativa ecológica para reciclar esta materia orgánica residual. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la producción de forraje en el cultivo de “moha de Hungría” cv. “Colorada Gigante” en respuesta a la incorporación de dosis variables de compost de orujo de pera a un suelo salino sódico, con el fin de incrementar la producción de la misma en condiciones subóptimas en relación a suelo y fecha de siembra. Se utilizaron 0, 30, 60 y 90 t.ha–1 de enmienda orgánica (materia seca 79%), evaluando la respuesta vegetal a través de la altura de plantas (AP) y el peso seco (PS) al inicio del panojamiento del cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que sólo la aplicación de 90 t.ha–1 provocó un incremento significativo de AP y PS, observándose además una correlación lineal entre altura de plantas y peso seco (R2 = 0,8). Los datos obtenidos permiten afirmar que con el agregado de esta enmienda orgánica es posible incrementar rendimientos aun en condiciones no óptimas para el cultivo

Model-based decision support tools at Jugos S.A. concentrated fruit juice plant

We describe the development of a decision-support tool to assist in the operations of a large concentrated apple and pear juice plant. The tool's objective is to generate detailed schedules of clarified juice batches to be produced in the following weeks considering incoming fruit forecasts, commercial commitments, and infrastructural constraints. The tool is based on two interactive modules, PLANNER and SIMOPT, with different and complementary purposes. Each module is based on mixed-integer models with specific inputs, outputs, and user interfaces. PLANNER consists of three submodules: (i) planning assigns a batch of concentrated juice to be produced on a specific day, taking into account cleaning activities, rest days, raw material availability, and production and storage constraints; (ii) preprocessing organizes juice orders in batches; and (iii) pooling provides a detailed monitoring of semielaborated juice in storage pools in terms of inventories and sugar and acid content. Finally, SIMOPT provides a detailed optimal operative condition of the plant together with a thorough calculation of specific costs. This information is used by PLANNER to evaluate the corresponding economic objective functions. Besides providing optimal target conditions to the plant and feasible production schedules, the developed tools generate production guidelines in the long term and allow performing scenario studies.Fil: Blanco, Anibal Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Marta Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Taraborelli, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: D´Angelo, Flavio Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; Argentina. Provincia de Río Negro. Jugos S.A. Parque Industrial Villa Regina; ArgentinaFil: Iturmendi, Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Rio Negro; Argentina. Provincia de Río Negro. Jugos S.A. Parque Industrial Villa Regina; ArgentinaFil: Bandoni, Jose Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Pear and apple pomace compost as an alternative to commercial substrates in the production of tomato seedlings

It is important to look for alternative substrates to replace non-renewable resources such as peat used in growing media in horticulture. The aim of this work was to evaluate if the compost of pear and apple pomace could be used as an alternative to a commercial substrate for the production of tomato seedlings. Two experiments were carried out on trays with alveoli of 100 cm3 (experiment 1) and 30 cm3 (experiment 2). In experiment 1, three substrates were used: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C) and pure compost (C). In experiment 2 a fourth treatment with a mixture of compost and perlite (C+P) was incorporated. The obtained results indicate that the development of the seedlings using CS+C and CS as a substrate was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3. In addition, the growth of seedlings on C+P in relation to CS showed similar or higher values in some variables. These results indicate that it would be feasible to replace the use of non-renewable resources such as peat in the production of tomato seedlings by a product obtained from a residue. Tomato seedling growth was evaluated on trays with 100 cm3 alveoli and 30 cm3 alveoli on different substrates mixtures: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C), pure compost (C) and mixture of compost and perlite (C+P). Highlights Seedling development using CS+C and CS as substrates was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3. Seedling growth on C+P in relation to CS, showed similar or higher values for some variables such as root dry weight, shoot dry weight, stem diameter and shoot height. In 30 cm3 cell trays of the compost and perlite treatment (3:1 v/v), obtained seedling quality would enable a high post-transplant survival percentage. Pear and apple pomace compost may be an alternative to a commercial substrate containing peat for tomato seedlings production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).It is important to look for alternative substrates to replace non-renewable resources such as peat used in growing media in horticulture. The aim of this work was to evaluate if the compost of pear and apple pomace could be used as an alternative to a commercial substrate for the production of tomato seedlings. Two experiments were carried out on trays with alveoli of 100 cm3 (experiment 1) and 30 cm3 (experiment 2). In experiment 1, three substrates were used: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C) and pure compost (C). In experiment 2 a fourth treatment with a mixture of compost and perlite (C+P) was incorporated. The obtained results indicate that the development of the seedlings using CS+C and CS as a substrate was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3. In addition, the growth of seedlings on C+P in relation to CS showed similar or higher values in some variables. These results indicate that it would be feasible to replace the use of non-renewable resources such as peat in the production of tomato seedlings by a product obtained from a residue. Highlights Seedling development using CS+C and CS as substrates was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3. Seedling growth on C+P in relation to CS, showed similar or higher values for some variables such as root dry weight, shoot dry weight, stem diameter and shoot height. In 30 cm3 cell trays of the compost and perlite treatment (3:1 v/v), obtained seedling quality would enable a high post-transplant survival percentage. Pear and apple pomace compost may be an alternative to a commercial substrate containing peat for tomato seedlings production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Efecto de enmienda con compost de orujo de pera sobre la producción de forraje de Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

Las industrias jugueras generan grandes volúmenes de orujo, siendo el compostaje una alternativa ecológica para reciclar esta materia orgánica residual. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la producción de forraje en el cultivo de “moha de Hungría” cv. “Colorada Gigante” en respuesta a la incorporación de dosis variables de compost de orujo de pera a un suelo salino sódico, con el fin de incrementar la producción de la misma en condiciones subóptimas en relación a suelo y fecha de siembra. Se utilizaron 0, 30, 60 y 90 t.ha–1 de enmienda orgánica (materia seca 79%), evaluando la respuesta vegetal a través de la altura de plantas (AP) y el peso seco (PS) al inicio del panojamiento del cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que sólo la aplicación de 90 t.ha–1 provocó un incremento significativo de AP y PS, observándose además una correlación lineal entre altura de plantas y peso seco (R2 = 0,8). Los datos obtenidos permiten afirmar que con el agregado de esta enmienda orgánica es posible incrementar rendimientos aun en condiciones no óptimas para el cultivo

Fate of free and modified Alternaria mycotoxins during the production of apple concentrates

Mouldy core is a frequent apple fungal disease, mainly caused by toxigenic Alternaria species. Mouldy core is hardly detected in pre-selection procedures when the apples are destined for industrialization, and to date no information is available on the fate of Alternaria toxins during apple concentrate production. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of this process on the natural contamination levels of 10 Alternaria metabolites: alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), alternariol 3-sulfate (AOH-3-S), alternariol 3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol monomethyl ether 3-sulfate (AME-3-S), and alternariol monomethyl ether 3-glucoside (AME-3-G). Six stages (grinding, turbos, decanter muds, pre-concentration, concentrate and rejection) of five independent Red Delicious and one of Granny Smith apple concentrate processes were sampled. Four out of the six processes included clarification, while two did not. The Granny Smith raw material was the least contaminated one, both in quality and quantity of Alternaria mycotoxins. Quantifiable levels of AOH, AME, TeA and TEN, were observed in the ground apples of the Red Delicious processes. Regarding the modified mycotoxins, only AME-3-S was present in the raw material; nevertheless, AOH-3-S and AOH-3-G were detected along the process. ALT, ATX-I, and AME-3-G were not detected at any stage. Clear and cloudy processes showed similar variations on mycotoxin quantities until the clarification step, in which all the mycotoxins analysed underwent a significant reduction to non-quantifiable levels. Only TeA remained at detectable levels in one of the clarified final products. The concentration in the final cloudy product increased with respect to the raw material for AOH (301%), AME (221%), TEN (872%) and TeA (1024%). This is the first report of AOH-3-S and AME-3-S in apple-by-products. The clarification stage in apple concentrate production has a relevant role in reducing Alternaria toxins to safe levels in the final products. A major risk might be associated with cloudy apple-by-products.Fil: Pavicich, Maria Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentina. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: De Boevre, Marthe. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Vidal, Arnau. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Iturmendi, Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mikula, Hannes. Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; AustriaFil: Warth, Benedikt. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Marko, Doris. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: De Saeger, Sarah. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Patriarca, Andrea Rosana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; Argentin